英语口语畅谈世界文化之英国88:Shakespeare莎士比亚mp3

英语口语畅谈世界文化

之英国

88 Shakespeare 莎士比亚

C: Chinese student     E: English teacher
C:中国学生                  E:英国老师

C: I've been reading Shakespeare's Romeo and Julier but I find it really tough going as the language is so difficult to understand.
C:我一直在看莎十比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，但我发现读起来真的很困难，凶为文字太难懂。

E: That's true for native speakers too. I know that when I read one of his plays I am always gjancing at the glossary and notes so that I can understand che words.
E:对本国人来说也是一样难懂=我记得我读他的剧本时也总是翻看词汇表和注释，这样才能看懂词汇。

C: So how did Shakespeare become so popular if people can't understand what he wrote?
C:那如果人们连他写的东西都看不懂，他又怎么这样受欢迎呢？

E: People in his time understand his plays because they were meant to be heard not read. It wasn't until seven years after his death that his plays were published in printed form.
E:莎士比亚那个年代的人们能明白他的戏剧是因为那些剧本是写给人听的而不是写给人看的。他的戏剧在他死后7年才被印刷出版。

C: But I read somewhere that Shakespeare invented about 2, 000 new words. How did they understand these new words if they'd never heard them before?
C:但我看别酌地方写到莎士比哑创造了2000个左右的新词。如果那时的人们以前没听过这些新词，他们义怎能理解呢？

E: Well some nouns he used as verbs, as adverbs and as adjectives. He also created new compound words such as "baby-faced" and smooth-faced”. He also brought into common use words that had appeared in the last half of the 16th century.
E：是这样，他把一些名词用作动词、副词和形容词。他还创造了一些新的合成词，比如“生着娃娃脸的”、“脸上没胡须的”。此外，他还把16世纪后半期出现的词当成普通的词来用。

C: Perhaps it is the phrases he is most remembered for such as "To be or not to be, that is the question" and "Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?"
C：让人铭记最深的也许是他的名句，如：“生存还是毁灭，这是个问题”，以及“罗密欧，罗密欧，你为什么是罗密欧啊？”

E: Perhaps my favourite is "the milk of human kindness" , but I'm sure everyone has their own favourite.
E：也许我最喜欢的还是”人性善良的乳汁”’这个说法，但我相信每个人都有自己最喜欢的语句。，

C: I know that some people don't think that Shakespeare wrote the plays. Why is that?
C：我听说有些人认为这些戏剧并不足莎士比亚写的。为什么会这么说？

E: Primarily because he never went to university so some critics don't think that he received a higb enough education to be able to write such great literature.
E：主要是因为他从没上过大学，所以有些评论家认为他没有接受足够的高等教育，也就写小出如此伟大的文学作品。

C: So if Shakespeare didn't write them, who did?
C：那如果不是莎士比亚写的，会是谁写的呢？

E: Variuus candidares have been put forward but perhaps the best is Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford  ( 1550-1604 ) .
E:人们提出了很多个人选，但最可能的还是第17世牛津伯爵爱德华·德维尔(1550 -1604)。

C: Why is that?
C:为什么？

E: In the sonnets and the playsthcre are frequent references to events that are paralleled in Oxford's life. Personally. I agree with the majority of Shakespearean academics who think Shakespeare was the author.
E:十四行诗和戏剧巾不断提及跟牛津生活相关的事。就我个人而言，我同意大多数的莎士比亚研究者的看法，认为莎士比亚才是原作者。

C: Well "a rose by another name would still smell as sweet"?
C:嗯，“玫瑰换个名字闻起来还是一样香”，是不是？

E: That's right. One thing is for sure and thac is that the world's greatest plays luve enriched the English Language ever since and his plays are among the finest literature the world has ever seen.
E: 一点不错！可以肯定的一件事就是，从此以后，达些世界上最伟大的戏剧作品大大丰富英语语言，莎剧被列入世界上迄今为止最优秀的文学作品之列。

【单词词组】

though going很难进行
tht world has ever seen世界上现有的
be meant to用来做……用
one ching is for sure可以肯定的一件事

【背景介绍】

威廉·莎士比亚，（英语：William Shakespeare，1564年4月23日－儒略历1616年4月23日或公历1616年5月3日，华人社会常尊称为莎翁；清末民初鲁迅在摩罗诗力说（1908年2月）称莎翁(为“狭斯丕尔”)是英国文学史上最杰出的戏剧家，也是西方文艺史上最杰出的作家之一，全世界最卓越的文学家之一。 他流传下来的作品包括38部戏剧、155首十四行诗、两首长叙事诗和其他诗歌。他的戏剧有各种主要语言的译本，且表演次数远远超过其他任何戏剧家的作品。

莎士比亚18岁时与安妮·哈瑟维结婚，两人共生育了三个孩子：苏珊娜、双胞胎哈姆内特和朱迪思。16世纪末到17世纪初的20多年期间莎士比亚在伦敦开始了成功的职业生涯，他不仅是演员、剧作家，还是宫内大臣剧团的合伙人之一，后来改名为国王剧团。1613年左右，莎士比亚退休回到雅芳河畔斯特拉特福，3年后逝世。

1590年到1613年是莎士比亚的创作的黄金时代。他的早期剧本主要是喜剧和历史剧，在16世纪末期达到了深度和艺术性的高峰。

莎士比亚在世时被尊为诗人和剧作家，但直到19世纪他的声望才达到今日的高度。并在20世纪盛名传至亚，非，拉丁美洲三大洲，使更多人了解其盛名。浪漫主义时期赞颂莎士比亚的才华，维多利亚时代像英雄一样地尊敬他，被萧伯纳称为莎士比亚崇拜。20世纪，他的作品常常被新学术运动改编并重新发现价值。他的作品直至今日依旧广受欢迎，在全球以不同文化和政治形式演出和诠释。