ETS对不同层次提高托福成绩最权威的建议
2009-07-13来源:和谐英语
INTERMEDIATE (14 – 21)听力中等的
Practice listening in English daily. Gradually increase the amount of time that you spend listening, the length of the listening selections and the difficulty of the material.
■ Listen to different kinds of materials on a variety of topics:
▶ Start with familiar topics; then move to topics that are new to you.
▶ Listen to audio and video material on tape/DVD or recorded from TV, radio and the Internet.
▶ Listen to programs with academic content, such as NOVA, BBC and NPR broadcasts.
▶ Listen to conversations and phone recordings.
■ Listen actively:
▶ Take notes as you listen for main ideas and important details.
▶ Ask yourself about basic information (Who? What? When? Where?Why? How?).
▶ Make predictions about what you will hear next.
▶ Summarize.
▶ Write down new words and expressions.
■ For more difficult material, listen several times:
1. First listen with English subtitles, if they are available;
2. Then, without subtitles, listen for the main ideas and key details;
3. Then listen again to fill in gaps in your basic understanding and to understand the connections between ideas, the structure of the talk and the speakers’ attitude.
▶ Make predictions about what you will hear next.
▶ Summarize.
▶ Write down new words and expressions.
■ Listen several times to each recording:
1. First listen with English subtitles, if they are available;
2. Then, without subtitles, listen for the main ideas and key details;
3. Then listen again to fill in gaps in your basic understanding and to understand the connections between ideas.
口语Speaking About Familiar Topics
GOOD (3.5 – 4.0)
Look for opportunities to speak to native speakers of English. Interaction with others will improve your speaking ability.
■ Ask a native speaker to provide feedback on your pronunciation problems (if any).
FAIR (2.5 – 3.0)
Think about topics related to student life (what type of classes you enjoy taking, what is the best place to study, where you would prefer to live [dorm or off campus]).
■ Write down two reasons to explain your preference; practice speaking for one minute about each topic, using connecting words or phrases to help explain your opinion (“the reason I prefer,” “this is important to me because”).
Practice speaking for a limited time on different topics without a lot of preparation. Make a list of some general speaking topics (people you admire, places you enjoy visiting, things you enjoy doing).
■ Then think of a specific example for each topic (a parent, the market, reading books).
■ Talk about each one for one minute,explaining what you admire or enjoy about each.
■ Repeat your responses to each topic two or three times to build up fluency.
LIMITED (1.5 – 2.0)
Give yourself about 20 seconds to think about what you did yesterday. After 20 seconds, begin to recount what you did. Try to talk for one minute.
■ Pay attention to your use of the past tense.
■ Try to use connecting words and phrases,such as “first,” “then,” “while I was.”Give yourself about 20 seconds to think about what you will probably do tomorrow. Try to talk for one minute. After 20 seconds, begin to talk about what you are planning to do.
WEAK (0 – 1.0)
Practice speaking about different topics without a lot of preparation.Write down several questions about various topics (for example, about your family, your hobbies, your friends or your school). Select a question and answer it aloud.Think of a story that you are familiar with. Tell the story to several different people. Try to tell the story faster each time.
Practice listening in English daily. Gradually increase the amount of time that you spend listening, the length of the listening selections and the difficulty of the material.
■ Listen to different kinds of materials on a variety of topics:
▶ Start with familiar topics; then move to topics that are new to you.
▶ Listen to audio and video material on tape/DVD or recorded from TV, radio and the Internet.
▶ Listen to programs with academic content, such as NOVA, BBC and NPR broadcasts.
▶ Listen to conversations and phone recordings.
■ Listen actively:
▶ Take notes as you listen for main ideas and important details.
▶ Ask yourself about basic information (Who? What? When? Where?Why? How?).
▶ Make predictions about what you will hear next.
▶ Summarize.
▶ Write down new words and expressions.
■ For more difficult material, listen several times:
1. First listen with English subtitles, if they are available;
2. Then, without subtitles, listen for the main ideas and key details;
3. Then listen again to fill in gaps in your basic understanding and to understand the connections between ideas, the structure of the talk and the speakers’ attitude.
▶ Make predictions about what you will hear next.
▶ Summarize.
▶ Write down new words and expressions.
■ Listen several times to each recording:
1. First listen with English subtitles, if they are available;
2. Then, without subtitles, listen for the main ideas and key details;
3. Then listen again to fill in gaps in your basic understanding and to understand the connections between ideas.
口语Speaking About Familiar Topics
GOOD (3.5 – 4.0)
Look for opportunities to speak to native speakers of English. Interaction with others will improve your speaking ability.
■ Ask a native speaker to provide feedback on your pronunciation problems (if any).
FAIR (2.5 – 3.0)
Think about topics related to student life (what type of classes you enjoy taking, what is the best place to study, where you would prefer to live [dorm or off campus]).
■ Write down two reasons to explain your preference; practice speaking for one minute about each topic, using connecting words or phrases to help explain your opinion (“the reason I prefer,” “this is important to me because”).
Practice speaking for a limited time on different topics without a lot of preparation. Make a list of some general speaking topics (people you admire, places you enjoy visiting, things you enjoy doing).
■ Then think of a specific example for each topic (a parent, the market, reading books).
■ Talk about each one for one minute,explaining what you admire or enjoy about each.
■ Repeat your responses to each topic two or three times to build up fluency.
LIMITED (1.5 – 2.0)
Give yourself about 20 seconds to think about what you did yesterday. After 20 seconds, begin to recount what you did. Try to talk for one minute.
■ Pay attention to your use of the past tense.
■ Try to use connecting words and phrases,such as “first,” “then,” “while I was.”Give yourself about 20 seconds to think about what you will probably do tomorrow. Try to talk for one minute. After 20 seconds, begin to talk about what you are planning to do.
WEAK (0 – 1.0)
Practice speaking about different topics without a lot of preparation.Write down several questions about various topics (for example, about your family, your hobbies, your friends or your school). Select a question and answer it aloud.Think of a story that you are familiar with. Tell the story to several different people. Try to tell the story faster each time.
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