恩波教育2008年12月英语四级考试预测试卷及解析1

　　Section B
　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
　　What is science fiction? To begin with, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary sub-class which requires a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follow the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified, and expanded, and probably changed, in the course of this exploration, it conveys much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure.
　　The first point—that science fiction is a literary sub-class—is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specially, science fiction is a sub-class of prose fiction, for nearly every piece of science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capek’s RUR (Rossum’s Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a sub-class of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic function in much the same way as prose fiction in general—that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.
　　Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting man’s nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it are basically the same they would be for any other story or novel.
　　57. Science fiction is called a literary sub-class because it .
　　A) has limits of its own
　　B) cannot be made into a dramatic presentation
　　C) is not important enough to be a literary form
　　D) shares characteristics with other types of prose fiction
　　58. Which of the following does NOT usually contribute to the theme in a piece of science fiction?
　　A) Narrator. B) Setting. C) Rhyme. D) Plot.
　　59. An appropriate title for the passage would be .
　　A) On the Dramatic Features of Science Fiction
　　B) Toward a Definition of Science Fiction
　　C) Science Fiction vs Prose Fiction
　　D) The Themes of Prose Fiction
　　60. The author’s definition suggests that all science fiction deals with .
　　A) the unfamiliar or unusual conditions
　　B) the same topics addressed by novels and short stories
　　C) Karel Cape’s well-known hypothesis
　　D) the conflict between science and fiction
　　61. According to the passage, which of the following conclusions is true?
　　A) Science fiction attracts us in much the same way a story or novel does.
　　B) It is not possible to define science fiction in a clear way.
　　C) Many people tried in vain to explain what science fiction is.
　　D) Very often science fiction appears in such literary forms as drama and poetry.
　　Passage Two
　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
　　The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system, it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
　　An important factor of a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
　　The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
　　62. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
　　A) Americans are never satisfied with their incomes.
　　B) Americans tend to overstate their incomes.
　　C) Americans want to have their incomes increased.
　　D) Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes.
　　63. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
　　A) Mechanized production can satisfy the consumers.
　　B) Consumers can express their demands through producers.
　　C) Producers decide the prices of products.
　　D) Supply and demand regulate prices.hxen.net
　　64. According to the passage, a private enterprise economy is characterized by .
　　A) private property and rights concerned C)ownership of productive resources
　　B) manpower and natural resources control D)free contracts and prices
　　65. The passage is mainly about .
　　A) how American goods are produced B)how American consumers buy their goods
　　C) how American economic system works D)how American businessmen make their profits
　　66. The word “embraces” (Line 4, Para.3) may convey the meaning of .
　　A) hugs B) includes C) excludes D) demands
　　Part V Cloze(15 minutes)
　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
　　In future trade the key development to watch is the relationship between the industrialized and the developing nations. The 67 World countries export their mineral 68 and tropical agricultural products, which bring them 69 foreign exchange. Tourism has also been greatly responsible 70 the rapid development of some 71 nations. Many Third world nations with high 72 and low wages have seen an emigration (移居) of workers 73 the developed nations. Western Europe has 74 millions of such workers from Mediterranean countries. The developing nations profit 75 these workers bring their savings and their acquired technical skills 76 home. Many developing nations benefit when western nations 77 manufacturing in their countries to take 78 of cheap labor.
　　79 economies mature, economic growth rates tend to level off (稳定). The rate of 80 growth is leveling off today in Western nations. This leveling off 81 leads to static non-growth markets. A point of saturation (饱和) 82 in-technology and innovation have seemed to achieve the impossible, 83 then how much further can it go? Herman Kahn, 84 his book The Next 200 Years, says that a shift in priorities will have to occur for industrialized nations. 85 is the creation of money and jobs essential; 86 is rather the improvement of the quality of life that must be our concern.
　　67. A) First B) Second C) West D) Third
　　68. A) ranges B) scopes C) deposits D) products
　　69. A) desired B) possible C) available D) abandon
　　70. A) to B) for C) towards D) over
　　71. A) developed B) powerful C) industrialized D) developing
　　72. A) employment B) unemployment C) development D) improvement
　　73. A) to B) by C) at D) in
　　74. A) exploited B) imported C) received D) specified
　　75. A) because B) before C) since D) when
　　76. A) down B) all C) back D) outside
　　77. A) establish B) decide C) predict D) mention
　　78. A) disadvantage B) challenge C) advantage D) privilege
　　79. A) Since B) As C) Though D) Whereas
　　80. A) economy B) mankind C) society D) population
　　81. A) relatively B) eventually C) sometimes D) hardly
　　82. A) arrives B) reports C) sets D) but
　　83. A) or B) but C) for D) so
　　84. A) by B) from C) after D) in
　　85. A) No longer B) No doubt C) Of course D) So far
　　86. A) it B) that C) there D) which