常听音乐的青少年会变抑郁?

Of all the media reported, only music showed significant associations with increased depression risk, after researchers controlled for factors like age, sex and ethnicity. But that doesn't necessarily mean that music causes depression — for some depressed teens, music may even help. The authors explain:
研究人员检查了如年龄、性别和种族这些因素后发现，所有报道的媒体形式中只有音乐跟患抑郁症风险增加有重要联系。但是那并不一定就意味着音乐引起抑郁症——对一些沮丧的青少年，音乐甚至可以帮助他们。作者解释：

Sadness is a common theme in popular music, and it may be that individuals with depression turn to these messages to make themselves feel less alone in their sadness. Conversely, it may also be that individuals with MDD turn to happy music to "tune out" their negative moods or to elevate their moods. Other researchers have suggested that heavy exposure to the sometimes dark themes of popular music may contribute to the development of conditions such as MDD.
“悲伤是流行音乐的共同主题，可能压抑的青少年把注意力转向这些信息使自己在悲伤中不觉得那么孤独。相反，患有抑郁症的青少年转向愉快的音乐可以“撇开”消极情绪或消除他们的情绪。其他研究人员也表示，经常接触流行音乐一些黑暗主题会导致像抑郁症之类情况的发生。”

Past research has also found links between depression and other forms of media like TV and video games. A seven-year study published in 2009, also led by Primack, showed that teens who watched more TV were more likely to become depressed in adulthood, compared with teens who watched less. So the researchers were surprised to find no such association in the current study, but suggest that further research is necessary to clarify potential links.
过去研究也发现抑郁症和其他媒体形式如电视和电子游戏之间的联系。2009年发表由Primack指导的长达7年的研究表明，相对于较少看电视的青少年，那些看太多电视的人长大后更有可能变得压抑。所以，研究人员很奇怪如今的研究中没有发现他们之间的联系，但表明需要更进一步的研究来说明潜在的联系。

Previous longitudinal research has also found that reading may have a mentally protective effect: teens who read more are less likely to become depressed as adults. The current study suggests that being depressed may also preclude time spent reading. "We sort of thought to ourselves that when you have depression, your brain is not working properly. So it's much harder to sit down to a book and have to use a lot of the frontal lobe of your brain to create the story and the characters in your head, whereas, it should be quite easy to flop down in front of a television and turn on whatever's there," Primack told WebMD.
先前的纵向研究也发现读书有精神上的保护作用：多读书的青少年长大后较少会变得压抑。如今的研究表明，沮丧也会妨碍读书的时间。“我们自己多少猜到，当你患上抑郁症时，大脑不能正确地运作。所以要坐下来看书，运用大量的大脑额叶在头脑中创造出故事和人物更难，然而，扑坐在电视机前面，转向电视上的内容就会非常容易。”Primack告诉MD网。

Although the connections between depression and various forms of media are significant, more research is needed to understand them better, especially considering the conflicting information.
即使压抑和各种媒体形式之间的关系是非常重要的，但是需要更多的研究来更好地了解它们，尤其是考虑到这些有冲突的信息。

But for now, Primack said the findings may be a way for parents to spot a potentially troubled teen. "It may be valuable for people to help pick up cues for common behaviors like listening to music," he said.
但是目前，Primack说这些结果可能是父母发现一个可能有问题的青少年的一种方法。“这对帮助收集如听音乐这些常见行为的线索的人非常有用。”他说。

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