大学英语自学教程 上册 un10

[04:15.22]The solutions to real problems cannot be seen in advance.
[04:19.04]解决实际问题的办法江不能预见.
[04:22.87]Scientists must be able to change their thinking
[04:25.55]科学家必须能够改变思路,
[04:28.23]and to adapt their theories to new facts as they are discovered.
[04:31.35]并使自己的理论符合新发现的事实.
[04:34.47]The mind cannot be made up once and for all
[04:37.55]思想不能一劳永逸,一成不变.
[04:40.63]New knowledge may make a change in thinking necessary.
[04:43.91]新知识使得改变思想很必要.
[04:47.19]This is another way of saying that man's understandingis always less than perfect.
[04:51.92]这也说明人对事物的理解总不能尽善尽美.
[04:56.65]What is accepted as true often is relatively,and not absolutely, true.
[05:00.42]被作为真理接受的东西通常是相对正确,而非绝对正确.
[05:04.20]A scientific truth offers an explanation that is acceptable
[05:07.53]科学的真理提供的某一种解释是可接受的,
[05:10.86]only in the light of what is known at a particular time.
[05:14.29]只是相对于某一特定时间内人们的知识水平而言的.
[05:17.73]Respect for the Views of Others
[05:20.46]尊重别人的观点
[05:23.19]Another part of a scientific attitudeis respect for the views of others.
[05:27.21]科学态度的另一个重要的方面是尊重别人的观点.
[05:31.23]This is easy when these views are like one's own.
[05:34.21]当别人的观点与自己的相符合时,这很容易.
[05:37.19]The difficulty comes up when their ideas are different.
[05:39.87]困难来自尊重与自己不同的意见.
[05:42.54]Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept.
[05:46.72]全新或外来的观点也是接受起来很困难的.
[05:50.90]New ideas are frequently very slow to be accepted.
[05:54.29]新观点经常是很慢才被大家认可.
[05:57.67]Scientists such as Galileo, Louis Pasteur,
[06:00.84]像伽利略,巴斯德
[06:04.02]and Edward Jenner were laughed at
[06:06.25]和金纳这些大科学家
[06:08.48]because they held theories that were not accepted.
[06:11.11]因为自己的理论不被接受而曾受人嘲笑.
[06:13.73]Respect for new ideas is important for continued progressin all fields of knowledge.
[06:18.57]所以尊重新观点对在所有知识领域里不断取得进步都很重要.
[06:23.40]Opinions Based on Evidence
[06:25.72]观点应有根据
[06:28.05]Sometimes evidence is not complete.
[06:30.94]有时证据并不充分.
[06:33.82]It may take time for new facts to become available.
[06:37.09]新事实的获得可能需要一段时间,
[06:40.35]When they are available, a person may have to change his mind.
[06:43.17]而在获得了这些事实以后,人们可能会改变主意.
[06:46.00]New findings may also require a "wait-and-see" attitude.
[06:49.72]新发现也需要一种"等着瞧"的态度.
[06:53.44]For example, there is an experiment on the sprouting of seeds
[06:56.63]例如,有一个关于种子发芽的
[06:59.81]which has been running for more than 50 years.
[07:02.74]研究实验曾进行了50多年.
[07:05.67]The purpose is to determine how long a time
[07:08.54]实验的目的是
[07:11.41]seeds can be buried in the ground
[07:13.59]要发现种子在地下可以埋藏多久
[07:15.77]and still grow when proper conditions for growth exist.
[07:19.35]以后仍能在适宜生长的条件下发芽.
[07:22.93]Text B
[07:25.68]Solving Problems Scientifically
[07:27.74]科学地解决问题
[07:29.80]There are scientific ways in which man solves problems.
[07:32.64]人们解决问题有许多科学的方法.
[07:35.47]Once his curiosity has been aroused,
[07:37.60]一旦一个人产生了好奇心,
[07:39.73]he uses certain methods and procedures
[07:41.86]他会采取一些方法和步骤
[07:43.99]to obtain new knowledgeand greater understanding.
[07:46.56]来获取新知识和更深的理解.
[07:49.13]Although the methods are not always the same,
[07:51.56]虽然方法不尽相同,
[07:53.99]there are usually certain elements in the procedures that are similar.
[07:56.63]在职解决问题的步骤中有些因素却通常是相似的.
[07:59.27]Recognizing the Problem
[08:01.01]认识问题
[08:02.74]Problems must first of all be recognized.
[08:04.81]首先必须认识问题.只有提出正确的问题.
[08:06.87]The right answers can be obtained only if the fight questions are asked
[08:10.10]只有提出正确的问题,才以找到正确的答案.
[08:13.32]A thoroughly understood problem is well started toward solution.
[08:16.46]一个被理解透彻的问题实际上已经朝着解决它的方向趣一大步.