大学英语自学教程 上册 un09

[00:00.00]Unit 9 Text A
[00:04.41]Learned Words and Popular Words
[00:07.04]书卷词语和普通词语
[00:09.67]In every cultivated language there are two
[00:12.34]每一门经过陶冶的语言都有两大类词，
[00:15.02]great classes of words which,taken together, make up the whole vocabulary.
[00:19.15]它们一起构成了这门语言的总词汇。
[00:23.28]First there are those words
[00:25.46]首先，
[00:27.64]with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation
[00:30.42]有类我们通过日常谈话熟悉的词，
[00:33.20]which we learn, that is to say,
[00:35.54]就是说，
[00:37.88]from the members of our own family
[00:40.15]我们从家人，朋友那里学来的，
[00:42.42]and from our friends,and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write.
[00:46.85]即使我们是文盲也知道和使用的词。
[00:51.28]They concern the common things of life,
[00:53.92]这类词涉及日常生活
[00:56.56]and are the stock in trade of all who speak the language.
[00:59.89]是所有使用此语言的人的常备词汇。
[01:03.22]Such words may be called "popular,"
[01:05.65]这样的词可称为“普通词语”，因为它们属于普通大众，而并非某一有限阶层人们专有。
[01:08.08]since they belong to the people at large
[01:10.50]因为它们属于普通大众，
[01:12.93]and are not the possession of a limited class only.
[01:15.90]而并非某一有限阶层人们专有。
[01:18.86]On the other hand, our language includes a large number of words
[01:22.44]另一方面，我们的语言包括了大量
[01:26.02]which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.
[01:29.05]在日常谈话中相对地使用较少的词。
[01:32.08]Their meanings are known to every educated person,
[01:34.92]这些词的意思为每个受过教育的人所知，
[01:37.75]but there is little occasion to use them at home.
[01:40.53]但在家里几乎没有机会使用这些词。
[01:43.31]Our first acquaintance with them
[01:45.59]我们不是
[01:47.86]comes not from our mother's lips or from the talk of our classmates,
[01:51.29]从母亲的嘴里或从同班同学的谈话中，
[01:54.73]but from books that we read, lectures that we hear,
[01:57.55]而是从我们所读的书所听的讲座，
[02:00.37]or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers
[02:03.70]或从受过高深教育的讲话者较正式谈话中，
[02:07.03]who are discussing some particular topic in an elevated style.
[02:10.46]他们用庄重的文体谈论一些特定的话题时，
[02:13.88]Such words are called "learned",
[02:16.52]首次了解到这些词的。
[02:19.15]and the difference between them and "popular" words
[02:22.03]这些词被称为书卷词语，
[02:24.90]is of great importance to a right understanding of language.
[02:28.23]认识书卷词语与普通词语之间的差别对正确理解语言是至关重要的。
[02:31.56]The difference between popular and learned words
[02:33.99]我们可以通过几个例子
[02:36.42]may be easily seen in a few examples.
[02:39.26]清楚地看到这两类词的差别。
[02:42.09]We may describe a girl as "lively" or as "vivacious."
[02:45.47]描写一个女孩活泼，我们可用“lively”或“vivacious”。
[02:48.86]In the first case,
[02:50.63]前一种情况
[02:52.41] we are using a native English word formed from the familiar noun life.
[02:56.54]我们用了一个由常见名词“life”转换而来的地道的英语词。
[03:00.66]In the latter,
[03:02.14]后一种情况,
[03:03.61]we are using a Latin derivative which has exactly the same meaning
[03:06.85]我们用了一个意义完全相同的拉丁语派生词.
[03:10.09]Yet the atmosphere of the two words is quite different.
[03:13.33]但这两个词的色彩相支甚远。
[03:16.57] No one ever got the adjective lively out of a book.
[03:19.75]从来没有人最初是由书上学到“lively”这个形容词的，
[03:22.92]It is a part of everybody's vocabulary.
[03:25.51]这个词不达意是在众词汇的一部分。
[03:28.09]We cannot remember a time when we did not know it,
[03:30.76]我们不记得有不知道这个词的时候，
[03:33.42]and we feel sure that we learned it long before we were able to read.
[03:37.10]而且肯定在会读书前很久我们就已经认识它了。
[03:40.79]On the other hand,
[03:42.55]另一方面，
[03:44.31] we must have passed several years of our lives before learning the word vivacious.
[03:47.80]我们可能过了好几年才学到“vivacious”这个词
[03:51.29]We may even remember the first time that we saw it in print or heard it from some grown-up friend.