大学英语自学教程 上册 un09

[03:55.86]我们甚至可能还记得，第一次在书上看到它或从一些成年朋友那儿听到它。
[04:00.43]Both lively and vivacious are good English words,
[04:03.37]“lively”和“vivacious”都是很好的英语词，
[04:06.31]but lively is popular and vivacious is learned.
[04:09.43]但“lively”大众化而“vivacious”则带有书卷气。
[04:12.55]The terms"popular"and"learned,"as applied to words,
[04:15.83]当用于词汇分类时，“普通的”和“书卷的”
[04:19.11]are not absolute definitions
[04:21.79]这两个术语的定义不是绝对的。
[04:24.46]No two persons have the same stock of words,
[04:27.39]任何两个人掌握的词汇都不一样，
[04:30.32]and the same word may be"popular"in one man's vocabulary
[04:33.35]同一个词在某人的词汇里可能是“普通的”,
[04:36.38]and"learned'in another's
[04:38.61]而在另一个人的词汇里则是"书卷的".
[04:40.84]There are also different grades of "popularity."
[04:43.47]而且"普通"也有不同的等级。
[04:46.09]Still, the classification into "learned" and "popular" is convenient and sound.
[04:50.43]然而，把词汇分成“书卷的”和“普通的”还是方便和合理的。
[04:54.77]Different opinions may come up as to the classification of any particular word,
[04:58.89]人们也许在对某一特定词分类上会有分歧意见，
[05:03.02]but there can be no difference of opinion about the general principle.
[05:06.26]但对总原则则无异议。
[05:09.50]We must be careful, however, to avoid misconception.
[05:12.88]可我们依然要小心避免概念混淆。
[05:16.26]When we call a word "popular,"
[05:18.45]当我们说一个词属于"普通的"时,
[05:20.63]we do not mean that it is a favorite word,
[05:23.21]并不意味着人们喜爱它,
[05:25.80]but simply that it belongs to the people as a whole
[05:28.83]而只不过昌它属于所有的人,
[05:31.86]that is,it is everybody's wordnot the possession of a limited number.
[05:35.83]即它是大众的词汇,而并非有限人们所独有.
[05:39.80]When we call a word"learned"we do not mean
[05:42.88]当我们称某一词是“书卷的”时，
[05:45.97]that it is used by learned persons alone
[05:48.64]不是指仅仅有学问的人才用，
[05:51.32]but simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books
[05:54.95]而是它在英语词汇中存在是由于
[05:58.58]and the cultivation of litera ture
[06:00.92]书籍和文学的陶冶，
[06:03.26]rather than to the actual needs of ordinary conversation
[06:06.34]而不是日常谈话的实际需要。
[06:09.42]TextB
[06:12.17]How Should You Build Up Your Vocabulary?
[06:14.15]如何增加你的词汇量？
[06:16.14]Through Context
[06:17.72]通过上下文
[06:19.30]When students in a college class were asked what should be done
[06:22.03]当某班大学生被问到
[06:24.76]when they came across a new word in their reading,84 percent said,
[06:27.84]在阅读中碰到一个生词怎么办时，84%的人说
[06:30.92]"Look it up in the dictionary."
[06:32.61]“查字典”。
[06:34.29]If you do, however, you interrupt the very mental processes
[06:37.22]但是，如果你这样做，你就打断了思维过程，
[06:40.14]needed to make your efforts most productive
[06:42.43]而这一思维过程能使你的努力最有成效。
[06:44.72]But there's another reason.
[06:46.24]但是还另一个原因。
[06:47.77]Suppose someone asks you what the word "fast" means.
[06:50.50]试想有人问你“fast”的意思，
[06:53.23]You answer, "swift."
[06:55.15]你回答说“快速的”。
[06:57.07]But does it mean that in such contexts as"fast color,
[06:59.71]但在“ fast color”，“
[07:02.35]"fast woman,"or"fast friend"
[07:04.42]“fast women”或“fast friend”这样一些上下文中它还是这个意思吗？
[07:06.50]And if a horse is fast,
[07:08.23]如果说一匹马“fast”
[07:09.95]is it securely tied or running at top speed? It could be either.
[07:13.19]是指它拴得牢，还是它跑得飞快？
[07:16.43]It all depends.
[07:17.90]两者可能都行，只能视情况而定
[07:19.38]On the dictionary?
[07:20.82]这取决于词典吗？
[07:22.25]No, on contexton how the word is actually used.
[07:25.37]不，取决于上下文——即这个词实际上是怎样使用的。
[07:28.50]After all there are over twenty different meanings for "fast" in the dictionary.
[07:32.08]毕竟在词典中“fast”有20多种不同的意思。
[07:35.65]But the dictionary doesn't tell you which meaning is intended.
[07:38.14]但词典不会告诉你用的是哪意思。
[07:40.62]That's why it makes such good sense to begin with context.