美国各州预计会在堕胎问题上引发法律纠纷

In several states, abortion access looks very different today than it did last week.

在几个州，如今的堕胎机会看起来与上周大不相同。

Right. The Supreme Court's decision overturning decades of abortion rights precedent triggered laws in several states, and already there are legal fights brewing between states with differing laws.

对。最高法院的裁定推翻了数十年来的堕胎权先例，触发了几个州的法律，法律不同的州之间已经在酝酿法律斗争。

NPR correspondent Sarah McCammon covers abortion rights policy.

NPR记者莎拉·麦卡蒙为您报道堕胎权利政策。

Sarah, the Supreme Court issued its decision on Friday overturning Roe v. Wade.

莎拉，最高法院周五发布了推翻罗伊诉韦德案的判决。

Now that we're starting a brand-new week, where do we stand this morning?

现在我们开始了全新的一周，今天早上进展到哪里了?

Well, already roughly a dozen states have said they're implementing abortion bans in response to the ruling, and many others have restrictions in place that could soon take effect.

嗯，目前已经有十几个州表示，他们将实施堕胎禁令来应对这一裁决，其他许多州也制定了可能很快生效的限制法规。

We're expecting legal battles over some of those.

我们预计其中一些州将会发生法律纠纷。

Already Planned Parenthood is suing to challenge Utah's trigger law under the state constitution there.

计划生育组织已经向犹他州根据州宪法制定的触发法律发起诉讼挑战。

And I'm hearing about a lot of confusion in some states that have multiple bans on the books.

我听说在一些有记录以来实施多项禁令的州局面混乱。

For example, in addition to the six-week ban that took effect last year in Texas, that state has a trigger law written to take effect 30 days after the decision overturning Roe, and Texas also has a pre-Roe v. Wade ban.

例如，除了去年在德克萨斯州生效的六周禁令外，该州还制定了一项在推翻罗伊案裁决的30天后将会生效的触发法律，德克萨斯州还制定了罗伊诉韦德案前的禁令。

So it's not clear which law is in effect there.

目前还不清楚哪条法律有效。

Bottom line, we're already seeing the kind of patchwork abortion laws that have been predicted for a long time.

最重要的是，我们已经看到了长期以来预测的那种拼凑而成的堕胎法。

Now, you're - been traveling to states where this kind of tension is already playing out.

现在，你已经前往了一些已经出现这种紧张局势的州。

What have you been seeing?

你都观察到了什么?

Yeah. I mean, for a real picture of what this looks like, I spent some time earlier this month along the Illinois-Missouri border, two states with very different political climates.

是。 我的意思是，为了了解真实的情况，我在这个月早些时候花了一些时间在伊利诺斯州和密苏里州的边境，这两个州有着非常不同的政治气候。

Missouri lawmakers had passed multiple restrictions, and it was already difficult to get an abortion there.

密苏里州的立法者已经通过了多项限制法规，在那里堕胎已经很困难了。

There was just one clinic left in the state, in the St. Louis area, and it was doing just a few procedures every couple of weeks.

密苏里州只剩下了一家诊所，该诊所在圣路易斯地区，每隔几周才做几次手术。

So in 2019, Planned Parenthood opened up a large clinic across the state line in Illinois.

在2019年，计划生育组织在伊利诺伊州的州界开设了一家大型诊所。

They are already seeing several thousand patients a year and preparing for many more now.

他们每年已经接待了几千名堕胎者，现在正准备为更多的人服务。

Now, Missouri was one of the first states to enact its trigger ban on Friday.

现在，密苏里州是周五首批颁布触发禁令的州之一。

And much of the Midwest is likely to be without abortion services soon, which means more patients are likely to travel to places like Illinois.

中西部的大部分地区可能很快就没有堕胎服务了，这意味着更多的堕胎者可能会前往像伊利诺斯州这样的地方。

So how are opponents of abortion rights responding to that?

那么，反对堕胎权利的人对此作何反应呢?

I mean, can they do anything to stop patients from traveling?

我是说，他们能做什么阻止移动到州外堕胎吗?

I mean, it remains to be seen. They would like to.

我的意思是，这还有待观察。他们愿意这么做。

I talked with Republican state Representative Mary Elizabeth Coleman at her home in a suburb near St. Louis.

我与共和党州众议员玛丽·伊丽莎白·科尔曼在她位于圣路易斯附近郊区的家中进行了交谈。

She sponsored a proposal earlier this year in Missouri's Legislature that would have empowered individuals to sue anyone who helps a Missouri resident get an abortion out of state.

今年早些时候，她在密苏里州立法机构发起了一项提案，该提案授权个人可以起诉任何帮助密苏里居民在州外堕胎的人。

That's something that she describes as, quote, "abortion tourism."

这就是她所说的“堕胎旅游”。

It's one of those phrases that really describes what I think we're going to be seeing and certainly what we have already started to see, which is states that are really catering to providing abortions to residents of states that have no abortion access.

这个短语描述了我认为我们将会看到的，当然也是我们已经开始看到的情况，也就是一些州真正致力于为那些没有堕胎途径的州的居民提供堕胎服务。

And so there's a direct targeting that's taking place into pro-life states.

在反堕胎的州有一个直接的目标。

Now, Coleman's proposal did not advance, but it could offer a preview of what's to come.

现在，科尔曼的提议没有得到推进，但该提案可以为未来提供一个预览。

Farah Diaz-Tello is with the abortion rights legal advocacy group If/When/How, and she says this kind of tactic raises a lot of questions about federalism and the Constitution.

法拉·迪亚斯-泰罗是堕胎权利合法倡导组织If/When/How的成员。她说，这种策略引发了许多有关联邦制和宪法的问题。

As somebody who believes in the Constitution, who believes in the rule of law, it is somewhat frightening to see, you know, states preparing to enforce or not enforce one another's laws.

作为一个相信宪法的人，一个相信法治的人，看到各州准备执行或不执行彼此的法律，是有点可怕的。

Sarah, based on your recent reporting from Missouri and Illinois, what do you expect to see as more states enact abortion bans?

莎拉，根据你最近从密苏里州和伊利诺斯州发回的报道，你认为随着更多的州颁布堕胎禁令，预计会看到什么?

Well, more legislative efforts like I described.

嗯，就像我描述的那样，会有更多的立法努力。

But we're in the early days here, and I would just expect many more clashes between states with now very different policies on abortion.

但我们还处于早期阶段，我预计各州之间会发生更多冲突，因为现在对堕胎的政策截然不同。