美参议院通过7000亿美元的气候、医保和税收法案

Senate Democrats have passed a major climate, health care and tax bill after months of negotiations.

参议院民主党人经过几个月的谈判，通过了一项重要的气候、医保和税收法案。

It is a centerpiece of President Biden's agenda.

这是拜登总统议程的核心内容。

It's been a long, tough and winding road.

这是一条漫长、艰难和曲折的道路。

But at last - at last - we have arrived.

但我们终于--终于--到了。

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer celebrated the Inflation Reduction Act clearing the Senate, with Vice President Harris breaking the 50-50 tie.

参议院多数党领袖查克·舒默庆祝《通胀削减法案》在参议院获得通过，副总统哈里斯打破了50比50的平局。

So Deirdre, how did the Democrats finally push the bill through the Senate?

那么，迪尔德雷，民主党最终是如何推动该法案在参议院获得通过的？

Well, this is a major win for President Biden.

这对拜登总统来说是一个重大胜利。

And it came well after a year of internal squabbles between moderates and progressives about the size and the scope of the proposal.

在此之前，温和派和进步派就该提案的规模和范围发生了为期一年的内部争吵。

Remember, Democrats were initially looking at a $3.5 trillion package.

请记住，民主党人最初考虑的是3.5万亿美元的一揽子计划。

And this is roughly 700 billion.

而这项提案大约是7000亿美元。

But Schumer and West Virginia Senator Joe Manchin secretly renewed talks about 10 days ago to put together this framework.

但舒默和西弗吉尼亚州参议员乔·曼钦大约10天前秘密重启了谈话，目的是为了建立这一框架。

Many Democrats were skeptical it would actually happen after Manchin had repeatedly pulled back from negotiations, citing inflation concerns - the last time, just days before the deal was announced.

在曼钦以通胀担忧为由多次退出谈判后，许多民主党人怀疑这是否真的会发生--最后一次退出发生在协议宣布的前几天。

Democrats also needed the vote of Arizona Senator Kyrsten Sinema.

民主党人还需要亚利桑那州参议员基尔斯滕·西内马的投票。

They were able to get her on board after taking out a tax provision targeting hedge funds that she opposed.

在取消了一项她反对的对冲基金的税收条款后，他们使她同意投票了。

So what's in the bill?

那么法案里包括什么呢？

Several significant policy changes.

几个重大的政策变化。

This represents the largest federal investment in climate and energy policy.

这项法案是联邦政府在气候和能源政策方面的最大投资。

It has roughly $370 billion for things like tax credits for electric vehicles and money for renewable energy programs.

这项法案大约有3700亿美元用于电动汽车的税收抵免和可再生能源项目。

Democrats say these investments are going to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 40% from 2005 levels by the end of this decade.

民主党人表示，到本十年结束时，这些投资将使温室气体排放量在2005年的基础上减少40%。

Here's Massachusetts Democrat Ed Markey on what this means.

以下是马萨诸塞州民主党人埃德·马基关于这一点的解释。

Very few pieces of legislation will ever make the kind of impact that this climate bill will have, not just for the United States, but for the entire world.

很少有立法能产生像这项气候法案那样的影响，不仅对美国，而且对整个世界都是如此。

To get Manchin on board, there are provisions for new leases for oil and gas production and also a commitment to pass permitting legislation separately.

为了让曼钦同意投票，还规定了新的石油和天然气开采租约，并承诺将分别通过许可立法。

What about the health care and tax policies?

医保和税收政策呢？

This bill is going to lower the cost of some prescription drugs by allowing Medicare to negotiate the prices of certain medications.

这项法案将允许联邦医疗保险谈判某些药物的价格来降低一些处方药的成本。

It will also cap out-of-pocket costs for people on Medicare to about $2,000 per year starting in 2025.

从2025年开始，这项法案还将把接受联邦医疗保险的人的自付费用限制在每年约2000美元。

The drug industry has lobbied against these things for years, so getting this through was a really big deal.

制药业多年来一直在游说反对这些提案，因此通过这项法案真的至关重要。

The bill also extends the subsidies for the Affordable Care Act that were part of a pandemic aid relief bill for three more years.

该法案还将作为疫情援助救济法案一部分的《平价医疗法案》的补贴延长了三年。

And the taxes in this bill include a 15% corporate minimum tax and an excise tax on stock buybacks.

该法案中的税收包括15%的公司最低税和股票回购的消费税。

They're going to bring in roughly $300 billion in new revenue that will help pay down the deficit.

它们将带来大约3000亿美元的新收入，这将有助于减少赤字。

OK. So what happens next with the bill?

好的。那么该法案接下来会怎么样呢?

So the House is scheduled to return from its recess this Friday.

众议院定于本周五结束休会。

And it's expected to approve the bill.

预计该法案将获得批准。

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has a really small margin.

众议院议长南希·佩洛西的支持率非常低。

And again, we don't expect any Republican votes.

再说一次，我们不指望共和党会投票。

So she's going to have to keep her caucus together.

所以她必须让她的党团团结在一起。

But we're less than three months from the midterms.

但我们离中期选举还有不到三个月的时间。

And Democrats are really eager to move beyond these internal splits and talk about the accomplishments they've been able to get through Congress just in the last few months.

民主党人非常渴望不考虑这些内部分歧，而是谈论他们在过去几个月里在国会取得的成就。

They've passed bipartisan gun reform, veterans' health care bill, a bill boosting semiconductor chip production in the U.S.

他们通过了两党支持的枪支改革法案，退伍军人医疗保健法案，以及促进美国半导体芯片生产的法案。

But this domestic energy, climate and health care bill for many is a centerpiece for Democrats, especially those in tight races in the November midterms.

但对许多人来说，这项国内能源、气候和医疗保健法案是民主党的核心，尤其是对那些在11月中期选举中处于激烈竞争中的民主党人来说。

Republicans are going to argue that more federal spending is a bad move with record inflation right now.

共和党人会辩称，在目前通胀创纪录的情况下，增加联邦支出是一个糟糕的举措。

But there is bipartisan support for things like lowering prescription drug costs.

但降低处方药成本等事情得到了两党的支持。