经济学人下载:人与机器人的管理

Loving the alien喜爱外星人
So, companies will need to work hard to persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancers, not just job-eating aliens. They need to show employees that the robot sitting alongside them can be more of a helpmate than a threat. Audi has been particularly successful in introducing industrial robots because the carmaker asked workers to identify areas where robots could improve performance and then gave those workers jobs overseeing the robots. Employers also need to explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich world: one reason why Germany has lost fewer such jobs than Britain is that it has five times as many robots for every 10,000 workers.

所以，企业必须努力说服劳动者机器人是强化生产者，不仅仅是吃职位的外星人。他们需要给职员展示坐在他们边上的机器人比起威胁更可以成为一位帮手。奥迪在引进产业机器人方面特别成功，因为汽车制造商要求工人们鉴定机器人可以改进的地方然后交给那些人监管机器人的工作。雇佣者还需要解释机器人可以有助于在富有的国家保留制造职业：为什么德国失去这样的职位比英国少的一个原因是对于每10000名劳动者它有5倍的机器人。

These two principles—don’t let robots hurt or frighten people—are relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies among rescue-robots (because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). So they are using game theory to make sure the robots can communicate with each other in egalitarian ways. They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. So they are producing more complicated mathematical formulae in order that robots can constantly adjust themselves to human intentions. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century’s preferred option, making humans behave like robots.

这两条基本原则---不要让机器人伤害或威胁人类---相对简单。随着机器人变得日益精致，机器人科学家们正在处理更复杂的问题。他们热望在救援机器人当中避免等级（因为失去领导的话会使剩下的人失业）。所以他们利用游戏理论来确保机器人可以通过平等的方式互相交流。他们渴望避免机器人与它们的人类操作者的重复。所以他们产出更多复杂的数学公式为了使机器人能够不断地调节他们自己来遵从人类的指示。这暗示了世界濒临于一个重要的管理改革：使机器人的行为像人类而不是20世纪的首选项，使人类的行为像机器人。