定语从句之专题三:as引导定语从句(系统讲解内在原理)
2.as与that的区别。
①such…as(代词)引导定语从句,such…that(连词)引导结果状语从句。如,
(从句缺成分(缺宾语),因此as是代词(作成分))
●He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.他是个好男孩,以至于人人都喜欢他。
(从句不缺成分,因此that是连词(不作成分))
②the same…as(代词)…,表示两物相似;the same…that(代词)…,表示两物同一物。如,
●This is the same pen that I used yesterday.这是我昨天用过的那支钢笔。
注意:the same …,可以与代词as/that连用,也可以与副词when/where等连用。如,
●This is the same place where we had the party that day.(where作状语)
(二)as(连词)引导评述性状语从句
评述性状语从句,表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。as的意思是“正如/像”。
学习这块内容,关键在于区别as与which。本书认为,as(连词)引导评述性状语从句,which(代词)引导非限制性定语从句。所有的能换用/不能换用的情况,都可以用这点区别推导出来。下文中,1.讲不能换用的情况;2.讲能换用的情况。1和4是重点内容,2和3仅供了解。
1. as (连词)引导评述性状语从句,which (代词)引导非限制定语从句。
(1)引导词词性不同。as是连词,which是代词。由此可以推导出:
①因为as是连词,所以,as在从句中不作成分;which是代词,所以,which在从句中作成分(主/宾/表)。
●He is absent, as/(which×) it is often the case.
(因为从句中不缺成分,所以,要用as,不能用which)
●He saw the girl, (as×)/which delighted him.
(因为从句中缺成分,所以,要用which,不能用as。)
②因为as是连词,所以,只能指代整个主句;which是代词,所以,可以指代整个主句或其中某个词。
●The moon, which/(as×) is 384,000 kilometres away from the earth, creates many beautiful stories.
●The shed, which/(as×) we often played in, has lasted for a long time.
③因为as是连词,意思是“正如/像”,所以,只用于肯定句(若用于否定句则语意不顺);which是代词,没有“正如/像”之意,可以用于肯定句或否定句。
●She has been absent again, which/as is expected.
●He came here very late, which/(as×) is unexpected (=not expected).