定语从句之专题三:as引导定语从句(系统讲解内在原理)
(2)从句类型不同。as引导的是状语从句,which引导的是定语从句。由此可以推导出:
①因为as引导状从,所以,as从句置于主句前/后皆可;which引导定从,所以,which从句只能置于主句后。
●As/(which×) was natural, he married her.
●He married her, as/which was natural.
②因为as引导状从,所以,可以省略主语it;
which引导定从,所以,不能省略主语it。
(例句见下文“as与which可换用的情况”)
2. as与which可以换用的三种情况,纯属巧合。
为何说纯属巧合呢?因为,as引导的是状语从句,它可以省略无意义的it(作主/宾语时)或承前省略(作表语时)。在省略掉这些词之后,凑巧可以把as换作which。
(1)which在“主系表”中作主语时,有时可以替换为as。试对比:
●He married her, as (it) was natural.(有无it都可以。为何此处有无it都可以呢?因为,as是连词,as在从句中不作成分,所以,插入it之后,也不重复。又因为as引导的是状语从句,而状语从句有时可以省略无意义的主语it。)
(“which+be+v-ed”时,不能插入it,也不能省略be。)
●She has been absent again, as (it) is expected/as expected.
(“as+be+v-ed”时,可以插入it,也可以省略be。)
注意,which在“主谓宾”中作主语时,不能替换为as。如,He saw the girl, which/(as×) delighted him.
Tom was late for school again, which/(as×) made his teacher angry.(这两个句子为何不能看作as从句省略it呢?因为,在状语从句中,一般在“主系表”情况下,才可以省略it,而以上两个句子都是“主谓宾”。)