英语过去分词若干疑难问题综合分析
3. 下面一些表达也过去分词无被动含义。如:
Helen was married last year. 海伦去年结婚了。
We are united as one. 我们团结一致。
She was graduated for a medical college. 她毕业于医学院。
I’m finished with my work. 我已完成了我的工作。
We are well prepared for the final examination. 我们准备好了期末考试。
We are all agreed on that issue. 我们对那个问题意见完全一致。
He is experienced in teaching. 他教学经验丰富。
七、“过去分词”和“现在分词”的两难选择
动词set有“制定”之意。下列句子是选过去分词set,还是现在分词setting?
They established a standard ________ committee. (他们建立了一个制定标准的委员会。)
有人说,“标准”和“制定”是被动关系,当然选择过去分词set;也有人说,“委员会”和“制定”是主动关系,自然选择现在分词setting。问题的焦点在于,set这个动词到底修饰哪个词:standard还是committee?答案当然是后者。
这是一种“A名词+现在分词+B名词”结构。该结构中的修饰关系是:“A名词+现在分词”作“B名词”的定语,“A名词”是现在分词的逻辑宾语。根据这种修饰关系,应选择setting。
这种现象(a standard setting committee),是一种“带有逻辑宾语的现在分词短语”作定语,等于a committee that sets standards。类似的情况有很多,例如:
English speaking people(正)
English spoken people(误)
railway building workers(正)
railway built workers(误)
a clothes selling store (正)
a clothes sold store (误)
注意:在此结构中,“A名词”原则使用单数形式,一旦换成定语从句,则根据实际情况确定使用单数还是复数。如:
English speaking people = people who speak English
railway building workers = workers who build railways
究竟选用何种分词,说到底就是看修饰关系。试比较:
Li Ming would like to go to an English speaking country to improve his spoken English.