英语过去分词若干疑难问题综合分析

八、“过去分词作表语”这个语法术语应废止

目前，几乎所有的英语语法书、英语教科书以及各级各类英语教辅、教学或命题测试等，都在叙说这个不合理、不正确的说法：过去分词（包括现在分词）作表语。

例如，这样的例子比比皆是：

The speech is very interesting. （现在分词interesting作表语）

We were all amazed at the news. （过去分词amazed作表语）

之所以废止这个语法术语和语法项目，理由如下：

1. 这类分词由“使令性动词”（使人的心理情绪等发生变化）演变而来，如satisfy, surprise, interest, excite, please，等等，英语中约有几十个左右这类的动词。其现在分词表示“令人怎样”，过去分词表示“感到怎样”。

这类动词在英语动词中占比例很小，“作表语”这种说法仅限于这些动词的分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。大量的行为动词没有此种用法，因此，这个术语无法概括英语语言的基本现象和规律。

2. 英语语法的术语已经非常繁杂，遵循删繁就简的原则，无论从教学还是研究角度，“现在分词或过去分词作表语”，应该废除。

3. 这个术语可能让英语初学者产生误解：现在分词作表语跟进行时态造成混淆；过去分词作表语跟被动语态造成混淆，不利于英语学习。

4. 归根结底，这是一个完美的“主系表”结构，表语是由形容词充当的。这时的分词实际上就是形容词！

九、同源现在分词和过去分词之比较

以下为常见的由“使令性动词”变化而来的现在分词和过去分词的用法。现在分词表示事物本身的性质以及给人的感受，意为“令人怎样”；过去分词表示人的心理和情绪变化，是被动的感觉，意为“感到怎样”。

1. Richard felt ________ with their ________ service at the hotel. (satisfy)

2. The movie was ________. Rose was greatly ________. (move)

3. Sophia wasn’t ________ though her answer was ________. (discourage)

4. Jenny is ________ at the ________ news. (surprise)

5. The cartoon was ________ and Victor was very ________ in it. (interest)

6. William became ________ at his ________ job. (bore)

7. The tiger looked ________, but Lily wasn’t ________. (frighten)

8. His speech was very ________. Mary became ________. (inspire)

9. Charles wasn’t ________ though the story you had told was ________. (amuse)

10. The scene was quite ________. Catherine got ________. (amaze)

11. The result of the examination was ________, so Judy became ________. (disappoint)

12. The great man’s death was ________. Henry became ________ at it. (astonish)

13. Karen felt ________ at the ________ party last night. (excite)

14. The noise is very ________. Peter has become ________. (annoy)

15. Nancy was ________ by his ________ question. (puzzle)