动名词和现在分词：两种不同概念的非谓语动词

动名词和现在分词，因为语法书都有专门的讲解，所以有关细节问题本文不再赘述。本文拟从以下几个方面进行探讨：

1. 动名词作定语和现在分词作定语

2. 动名词作表语和现在分词作表语

3. 动名词作表语和进行时态的区别

4. 动名词作宾语和现在分词作状语

5. 动名词的复合结构作宾语和现在分词作宾补

（一）动名词作定语和现在分词作定语

动名词和现在分词，都可以作前置修饰语（premodifier）修饰名词。同样是“动词-ing形式”作定语，被修饰语和修饰语之间的关系是否一样？ “动词-ing形式”作定语时，被修饰语和它的关系可能是“目的或用途关系”，也可能是“主谓关系”， 这两种不同的修饰关系，是区分动名词还是现在分词的试金石。如果是前者，那么就是动名词作定语；如果是后者，那么就是现在分词作定语。

【动名词作定语】

动名词作定语，说明动名词和被修饰语是“目的或用途的关系”。所以，我们可以用for doing，used for doing，或者which is used for doing来置换这个动名词，放在被修饰语之后作定语。例如：

a swimming pool　

①→ a pool for swimming　

②→ a pool used for swimming　

③→ a pool with the purpose of swimming

限于篇幅，以下词组仅用第①种情况转换：

a walking stick → a stick for walking

a sleeping car → a car for sleeping

a waiting room → a room for waiting

a swimming pool → a pool for swimming

a washing machine → a machine for washing clothes

a writing desk → a desk for writing

a reading room→ a room for reading

a bathing cap→ a cap for bathing

a changing room→ a room for changing clothes

a sitting room→ a room for sitting

a watering can→ a can for watering flowers

a guessing game→ a game for guessing words

an ironing board→ a board for ironing clothes

a collecting tin→ a tin for collecting money

a hiding place→ a place for hiding

a racing bicycle→ a bicycle for racing

an operating table→ a table for operating

building materials → materials for building

a diving board→ a board for diving

reading materials → materials for reading

a closing speech→ a speech for closing a meeting

working hours→ hours (time) for working

a smoking room→ a room for smoking

a dancing hall → a hall for dancing

a washing machine → a machine for washing clothes