动名词和现在分词：两种不同概念的非谓语动词

（四）动名词作宾语，还是现在分词作状语？

首先，我们看两个句子：

1. Though it was raining hard, they went on working in the fields.

2. Though it was raining hard, they continued working in the fields.

句1，关于working in the fields是现在分词，还是动名词的问题，一直争论不休。所以有人给出了一个最好的办法，就是不要管它是什么，只需知道go on doing 即可。表面看来这是一个不错的主意，但实际上是混淆了现在分词和动名词的区别。从语言研究角度观察，这显然不够严谨，我们并不满意。其实，只要按照它们不同的语法作用进行分析。即可判断出它是现在分词，还是动名词。

我们知道，go on这个词组中，go是不及物动词，on是副词，表示“继续”的含义（We use on to say that someone is continuing to do something. ）例如：

They walked on in silence for a while. 他们继续默默无语地走了一会儿。

If the examination shows your company enjoys basically good health, read on. 要是审查表明你们公司的运营状况基本良好，请继续往下读。

He happened to be in England when the war broke out and he just stayed on. 战争爆发时他碰巧在英格兰，于是就留在那里了。

既然go是不及物动词，on是副词，那么go on后面的“动词-ing形式”肯定不是“宾语”，而是“状语”表示伴随或方式。既然是状语，那么，working in the fields就是现在分词。

句2，continued是及物动词，后面需要宾语。因此，working in the fields是动名词作宾语。

以下例句是现在分词用在不及物的谓语动词之后，作伴随或方式状语：

The boy came running into the room, out of breath. 男孩跑着进了房间，气喘嘘嘘。（running为现在分词，作came的方式状语。即：“跑着进来”）

The visitor from Japan comes in smiling. 来自日本的客人笑着进来了。（smiling是现在分词，作comes的方式状语。即：“笑着进来”）

They also express their feelings using unspoken language through keeping physical distance, actions or posture.他们还通过使用无声语言，借助保持距离、动作和姿势，来表达感情。（using unspoken language为方式状语）

If you stand holding your arms across your chest, you may be protecting yourself. 假如你把双臂交叉放在胸前站着，那么你有可能在保护自己。（holding your arms across your chest为伴随状语）

He must be able to use the foreign language forgetting all about his own. 他一定要做到使用外语时，忘掉本族语。（forgetting all about his own为方式状语）

The children ran out of the room laughing and talking merrily. 孩子们愉快地笑着谈着跑出教室。（laughing and talking merrily为方式状语）