动名词和现在分词：两种不同概念的非谓语动词

They eat using the fingers of their right hands. 他们使用右手的手指拿着饭吃。（using the fingers of their right hands为方式状语）

He came running back to tell us the news.他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。（running为现在分词，作came back的方式状语。即：“跑着回来”）

The children came running when she called them. 她一叫唤，孩子们就跑过来了。（running为现在分词，作came back的方式状语。即：“跑着过来”）

I crossed the street to avoid meeting Tom, but he saw me and came rushing towards me .我穿过马路以便避开汤姆，但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。（rushing为现在分词，作came的方式状语。即：“朝我冲来”）

The leaves came raining down.树叶如雨般掉下来。（raining为现在分词，作came down的方式状语。即：“如雨一般下来”）

The bombs came raining down.炸弹雨点般落下。（raining为现在分词，作came down的方式状语。即：“如雨一般下来”）

具备名词性质的动名词，可以作放在及物动词之后作宾语；但是，在不及物动词之后的“动词-ing形式”，则是现在分词作状语。

以下例句则是动名词作及物动词的宾语，不是状语：

He suggested spending the evening with a worker. 他建议跟一名工人一起度过那个晚上。

She couldn’t help laughing when she heard the joke. 听到那个笑话时，她禁不住大笑起来。

We don’t allow smoking here. 我们这儿不许吸烟。

He hasn’t finished reading the science fiction.他还没读完那部科幻小说。

We must practise speaking English. 我们必须练习说英语。

Sophia likes helping others and being helped.索菲娅喜欢帮助别人，也喜欢被帮助。

I first considered phoning him, but then decided to see him. 我开始想打电话给他，但后来决定见他。

Tom tried to avoid meeting her. 汤姆设法避免见到她。

Tom tried to avoid being met by her. 汤姆避免被她碰见。

除了作及物动词的宾语外，动名词还可作介词的宾语：

My parents objected to my marrying him. 我父母反对我与他结婚。

I’m looking forward to your coming. 我正盼望着你的到来。

My husband is fond of playing basketball. 我丈夫喜欢打篮球。

Yuan Longping devotes all his energy to studying rice. 袁隆平把他所有的精力献给水稻研究。

Thank you for giving us so much help yesterday. 谢谢你昨天给我们那么多帮助。

Little Lily was afraid of being left alone at home. 小莉莉害怕被单独留在家里。

We are all excited for having been praised. 我们都因受到表扬而激动不已。