内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(12)
◆pride n. /v. & proud adj.
1. pride 是名词(通常不可数)或动词(及物),proud 是形容词。表示“对……感到自豪”,以下表达大致同义:
他以会说法语而自豪。
正:He is proud of being able to speak French.
正:He takes pride in being able to speak French.
正:He prides himself on his ability to speak French.
注:用作名词的 pride 前有时可用不定冠词。如:
She takes (a) great pride in her son’s success. 她对她儿子的成功感到自豪。
2. 用作形容词的 proud 可用于贬义,也可用于褒义。比较:
He’s too proud to speak to poor people like us. 他很傲慢,不屑和我们这样的穷人说话。
He’s too proud to do such a mean thing. 他很有自尊心,不会干这种卑鄙的事情。
◆prison n.
1. 表示“监狱”,若指建筑物本身,是可数名词;若指被监禁的状态,则为不可数名词,且不用冠词。如:
There are two prisons in the city. 城里有两座监狱。
He is in prison for theft. 他因偷盗而入狱。
He was let out of prison. 他被释放出狱。
2. 表示“关进监狱”或“坐牢”,注意以下常用搭配:
(1) cast (put, throw) sb into prison 把某人关入监狱
(2) send (take) sb to prison 把某人关入监狱
(3) go to prison 坐牢
以下各句谓语用了瞬间动词,却连用了一段时间状语,可理解为瞬间动词结束后所持续的时间:
He went to prison for six years. 他坐过六年牢。
He has been sent to prison for three years. 他入狱已有三年。
◆prize n.
1. 表示“获奖”,一般用动词 win, gain, get, take, receive, be awarded 等。如:
He has won the history prize. 他获得了历史奖。
He got [gained, took] (the) first prize at the speech contest. 他在演讲比赛中获得头奖。
2. 表示某一方面的奖,常用介词 for。如:
She won first prize for singing. 她获唱歌头等奖。
She received the Nobel Prize for physics. 她获得了诺贝尔物理奖。
◆professor n.
1. 表示某一学科的教授,一般有两种表达(但用介词 of的结构更常见)。如:a law professor /a professor of law(法学教授 ),
a physics professor /a professor of physics (化学教授)等
2. 表示在某校任教授,通常在校名前用介词 at 或 in, 而不用of;但若是表示某校的某某教授(即与姓名连用)则要用介词 of(表示所属关系)。如:
He’s a professor of law at [in]
Do you know Professor Wyld of
3. 可用作称呼。如:(www.hxen.net)
Professor, can I ask a question? 教授,我可以提个问题吗?
Thank you, Professor Smith. 史密斯教授,谢谢你。
◆progress n.
1. 用作动词,意为“进步”、“进展”、“前进”等,只用作不及物动词。如:
She is progressing in her studies. 她在学业上有进步。
How are you progressing with your driving lessons? 你的驾驶课学得如何?
He managed to progress to a senior position. 他设法得到提升。
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