内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(12)
◆president n.
表示“总统”、“会长”、“大学校长”、“主席”、“总裁”以及“董事长”等,若作为“职位”看待,其前通常不用冠词。如:
They elected him as President. 他们选他当总统。
He succeeded his father as president of the company. 他继承他父亲任公司总裁。
若不是作为“职位”看待(比如作为身份等),则通常用冠词。如:
The President addressed the nation. 总统向全国发表讲话。
◆pretend v.
1. 表示“假装”,其后可接名词、不定式或 that-从句作宾语,但不接动名词。如:
他假装生病了。
正:He pretended illness.
正:He pretended to be ill.
正:He pretended that he was ill.
误:He pretended being ill.
注:后接不定式时,除可接不定式的一般式外,根据情况也可用进行式或完成式。如:
She pretended to be crying. 她假装在哭。
He pretended not to have seen me. 他假装没看见我。
2. 下面两句否定词位置不同,含义也有所不同:
He did not pretend to be ill. 他没有装病。
He pretended not to be ill. 他假装没有生病。
◆prevent v.
1. 表示阻止某人做某事,不能后接不定式的复合结构。比较:
谁也阻止不了我们结婚。
误:Nobody can prevent us to get married.
正:Nobody can prevent us (from) getting married.
正:Nobody can prevent our [us] getting married.
注:上面第二句中的介词 from 可以省略,但在被动语态中通常不省。如:
He was prevented by illness from taking the exam. 他因病未能参加考试。
2. prevent 指成功地阻止,若阻止不成,则不能单独用它。如:
他父母阻他去,但他还是去了。
误:His parents prevented him from going, but he still went.
正:His parents tried to prevent him from going, but he still went.
◆price n.
1. 表示“价格”,可用 high, low 修饰,但通常不能用 cheap, expensive, dear 等。如:
She sold her house at a low (high) price. 她的房子卖得很便宜(贵)。
The prices of computers are very low at that shop. 那家商店的电脑很便宜。
2. 询问价钱,可用 how much 或 what, 但句型不同:
这幅旧画什么价?
正:How much is the old painting?
正:What is the price of the old painting?
正:What [How much] does the old painting cost?
3. 表示“价格”升降的常见动词有 rise, fall, drop, jump up, go up, go down 等。
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