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内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(09)

2017-09-25来源:和谐英语

内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(09)

invite v.

1. 表示“邀请”,通常为及物动词,注意以下搭配:

(1) invite sb to [for] sth 邀请某人(参加)做某事

He invited me to dinner (a party, a wedding). 他邀请我参加宴会(晚会,婚礼)。

Why don’t you invite him for a drink (a meal, coffee)? 你为什么不邀请他喝一杯(吃餐饭,喝咖啡)?

(2) invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

They invited her to go for a walk. 他们请她一起去散步。

I’ve been invited to speak at the meeting. 我受到邀请在会上发言。

注:有时若意思明确可省略不定式。如:

He didn’t invite us (to come) in. 他没有请我们进屋。

He invited us (to come) to a party. 他邀请我们参加聚会。

有时以上几类结构可互换:

他邀请我们吃饭。

正:He invited us to [for] dinner.

正:He invited us to have dinner.

2. 有时不以人宾语,而以事作宾语。如:

Questions are invited after the lecture. 演讲完之后欢迎提问。

有时转指招致不好的东西(并非本意)。如:

Leaving the windows open is inviting thieves to enter. 窗户不关犹如开门揖盗。

 

it pron.

1. 有时可用来指人,但主要限于指性别不明的婴儿或指身份不明的人。如:

They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了个孩子,很可爱。

Someone is knocking at the door. It must be Jim. 有人在敲门,一定是吉姆。

注:下面这样的句子也用 it 指人。如:

A:Who is it? 是谁呀?

B:It’s me, Mary. 是我玛丽呀。

2. 用于强调句型:It is (was)……that (who)……。如:

He bought a shirt at this shop yesterday. 昨天他在这家商店买了一件衬衫。

下面四句分别对上句主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语的强调:

It was he who bought a shirt at this shop yesterday.

It was a shirt that he bought at this shop yesterday.

It was at this shop that he bought a shirt yesterday.

It was yesterday that he bought a shirt at this shop.

3. 用作形式主语或形式宾语:

(1) 当不定式、动名词、从句等结构用作主语时,为了避免“头重脚轻”,往往用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如:

It’s no use quarreling with her. 同她争吵是没有用的。

Is it important to keep the balance of nature. 保持自然平衡是很重要的。

It is said that there was a church here. 据说这里原来有座教堂。

(2) 当不定式、动名词、从句等结构用作宾语时,若其后跟有宾语补足语,则往往使用 it作形式宾语,而把真正主语放在句末。如:

I don’t think it possible to finish it in a week. 我认为要想在一周之内完成它是不可能的。

He took it for granted that she loved him. 他想当然地认为他爱她。

4. 某些及物动词(如 like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, appreciate等)之后若没有出现宾语,而直接跟 if/when 引导的状语从句,要在从句前使用代词 it。如:

She hates it when you use her books. 她讨厌别人用她的书。

I don’t like it when she tells me how to do things. 我不喜欢她对我做事指手划脚。

She doesn’t enjoy it when her husband drives fast. 她不喜欢她丈夫开快车。

I should much appreciate it if you would arrange thisfor us. 如果你能替我安排这事我将非常感激。

为他爱她。

4. 某些及物动词(如 like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, appreciate等)之后若没有出现宾语,而直接跟 if/when 引导的状语从句,要在从句前使用代词 it。如:

She hates it when you use her books. 她讨厌别人用她的书。

I don’t like it when she tells me how to do things. 我不喜欢她对我做事指手划脚。

She doesn’t enjoy it when her husband drives fast. 她不喜欢她丈夫开快车。

I should much appreciate it if you would arrange thisfor us. 如果你能替我安排这事我将非常感激。

5. 在某些特殊表达中的使用。如:

It doesn’t matter. 没关系。

It seems that he doesn’t love her. 似乎他并不爱她。

It happened that I didn’t meet her there. 碰巧我在那儿没碰到她。