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内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(09)

2017-09-25来源:和谐英语

 

 

kick v.

表示“踢”,注意汉语的“踢”并一定都用 kick 来译。比较:

He played football with his classmates. 他同他的同学踢足球。(“踢足球”是一项活动,用动词 play)

He kicked the football out of the field. 他把足球踢出了球场。(指用脚踢球的一次动作)

 

kind adj. & n.

1. 用作形容词,意为“仁慈的”、“善良的”、“亲切的”,注意以下各句所搭配的介词:

The teacher is kind to [towards] us. 老师对我们很好。

It’s very kind of your brother to help us. 多谢你哥哥帮了我们的忙。

比较以下同义句型:

你这样说,真是太好了。

正:It is kind of you to say that.

正:You are kind to say that.

请你关一下门好吗?

正:Will you be kind enough to shut the door?

正:Will you be so kindas to shut the door?

2. 用作名词,表示“种类”,在用法上注意以下几点:

(1) 以下两类表达基本同义,但第二种表达更正式:

这种电脑质量很好。

正:This kind of computer is of good quality.

正:Computers of this kind are of good quality.

非洲有很多种蛇。

正:Many kinds of snakes are found in Africa.

正:Snakes of many kinds are found in Africa.

(2) kind(s) of 通常用于单数可数名词和不可数名词前。如:

one kind of flower (bread) 一种花(面包)

many kinds of car (bread) 许多种车(面包)

注:在非正式英语中,复数形式的 kinds of 和 sorts of 也可用于复数名词前(较少见),但单数形式的 kind of 和 sort of 通常不能用于复数名词前。如:

正:these kinds [sorts] of flowers (people) 这些种花(人)

误:this kind [sort] of flowers (people)

不过可以说:flowers (people) of this kind [sort]

 

knock v. & n.

1. 用作动词,表示“敲”,可及物或不及物。用于“敲门”之类的意义时,knock 通常为不及物动词,后面一般接介词 on, at。如:

Someone is knocking at [on] the door. 有人在敲门。

Please knock (at/on the door) before entering. 进屋之前请先敲门。

用作及物动词。如:

The car knocked the old man down. 汽车把老人撞倒。

She knocked her head on [against] the wall. 她把头撞到了墙上。

2. 用作名词时,其后也常接介词 at, on。如:

There was a knockat [on] the door. 有人敲门。