初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(19)

3. 不要一见到时间或地点名词就用where, when

a. I will never forget the days ______ I lived in the country.

b. I will never forget the days ______ I spent in the country.

A. that, that             B. when, when         C. that, when           D. when, that

此题应选D。容易误选B。考生往往错误地认为, 时间或地点名词后的定语从句就一定要用关系副词when或where 来引导。注意在选择关系副词when 时, 考生要明确两个问题：一是先行词是否是指时间或地点的名词, 二是when, where在定语从句中是否用作状语。

a句中的定语从句主语和宾语齐全, 所以可用表时间的状语(when), 而b句中的定语从句, 显然 spent缺宾语, 所以选关系代词that。

考生从以上分析中应明确这样一点：选择关系词时一定要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分。尤其是当先行词为表时间或地点的名词时, 千万不要想当然地认为一定要用关系副词when和where来引导定语从句。再如：

1. a. This is the school ____ I studied last year.

b. This is the school ____ I visited last year.

A. that, that               B. where, where

C. that, where           D. where, that

2. a. I still remember the time ____ he was born.

b. I still remember the time ____ he told me.

A. that, that               B. when, when

C. that, when            D. when, that

答案：1. D 2. D (www.hxen.net)

4. that与which

a. Those are the very words ______ he used.

b. This is the question about ______ we’ve had so much discussion.

A. that, that             B. which, which        C. that, which          D. which, that  

此题应选C。关于先行词是指物的名词时, 其定语从句是用that还是用which来引导, 情况比较复杂：在通常情况下, 两者有时可换用；但有时只用which(主要是引导非限制性定语从句和直接放在介词后作宾语)；而有时则只用that 而不用which, 主要有以下情况：

1. 先行词是下列不定代词或受其修饰时 all, much, few, little, none, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing)等：

All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。

2. 先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时：

This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。

3. 先行词有最高级或序数词(包括last, next)等修饰时：

This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。

4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时：

China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。

5. 先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时：

We talked about the persons and things that most impressed us. 他们谈论了我们印象最深的人和事。