初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(19)

5. who 与 that

Who ______ has seen him do not like him?

A. that                     B. who                     C. he                       D. she

此题应选A。其余几项均有可能被选。当先行词指人时, 引导定语从句是用who还是用that, 主要应注意以下几点：

1. 在通常情况下, 两者常可换用。

2. 在下列情况, 两者都可用, 但用that比who更常见：

(1) 先行词是all, nobody, no one, someone, anyone等时：

All that heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲 话的人都很高兴。

Have you met anybody that has been to Paris? 你 遇见过去过巴黎的人吗?

(2) 先行词受序数词, 最高级以及only, same等修饰时：

He’s the only one among us that knows French. 他是我们中间唯一懂法语的人。

3. 在下列情况通常只用that：

(1) 当先行词是一既指人又指物的并列词组时：

He made a speech on the men and things that he’d

seen abroad. 他就在国外见到的人和事作了报告。

(2) 当先行词是who时：

Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion?

有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢?

(3) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时：

Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。

6. 是非限制性定语从句还是并列句

—He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ were popular.

—It’s the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of ______ was a success.

A. these, them         B. which, which        C. those, which        D. which, them

此题应选 D。很容易误选A, B。选对该题的关键是：要注意前面一句的 none of...没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句, 所以其后填which), 而后面一句的none of...前有一并列连词but(说明它与前面一句构成并列句, 所以其后填them)。请做以下类似题(注意and, but等的有无)：

1. a. He has two sons, but neither of ___is clever.

b. He has two sons, neither of ____ is clever.

A. them, them           B. whom, whom

C. them, whom         D. whom, them

2. a. Mr Smith made a lot of money, most of____ was spent helping the poor.

b. Mr Smith made a lot of money, and most of____ was spent helping the poor.

A. it, it                      B. which, which        C. it, which               D. which, it

类似地, 以下一题也与but, and这类词的有无相关：

3. ____many times, but he still couldn’t remember.

A. Having been told    B. Being told

C. Having told           D. He was told

答案：1. C 2. D 3. D