初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(19)

7. 你会用关系代词as吗

Don’t make friends with such young men ______ don’t work hard.

A. that                     B. as                        C. who                     D. they

此题应选B。容易误选A, C。句中的as是关系代词, 句意为：不要跟工作不努力的人交朋友。此句也可换成：

正：Don’t make friends with young men who [that] don’t work hard.

正：Don’t make friends with those young men who [that] don’t work hard.

as用作关系代词(用作主语或宾语), 主要用法如下：

1. 用在such, same, as等之后, 引导限制性定语从句：

Don’t talk about such things as you don’t under-stant. 不要谈你不懂的东西。

Such men as (= Those men who) heard him praisedhim. 听过他谈话的人都称赞他。

I told him the same story as you told me. 我给他讲的故事与你给我讲的故事一样。

2. 单独用作关系代词, 引导非限制性定语从句, 可放在主句之前(常译为“正如”)或之后(常译为“这一点”)：

As has been said before, grammar is not a set ofdead rules. 正如前面所说, 语法不是一套死规则。

He was a foreigner, as (=which) I knew from hisaccent. 他是个外国人, 这从他的口音可以得知。

If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, wewill not receive him. 如果他再像以往那样迟到, 我们就不接待他了。

8. the way后可接how引导的定语从句吗

That is ______ the boy spoke to the teacher.

A. how                     B. the way how         C. that                     D. which

此题应选 A。容易误选B。误认为the way(表方式)后应接how引导的定语从句(因为how可用来表方式)。

其实考生只要回忆一下我们学过的关系副词便知道：在现代英语中关系副词只有when(表时间), where(表地点), why(表原因)等几个, 根本没有how这个关系副词, 所以它自然就不能引导定语从句。要表示类似本题的意思, 可用以下句型：

那就是他说话的样子。

正：That’s how he spoke. (表语从句)

正：That’s the way he spoke.

正：That’s the way (that) he spoke.

正：That’s the way (in which) he spoke.

误：That’s the way how he spoke.

我不喜欢他那样笑她。

正：I don’t like the way he laughs at her.

正：I don’t like the way(that) he laughs at her.

正：I don’t like the way (in which) he laughs at her.

误：I don’t like the way how he laughs at her.

他同我们说话的方式值得怀疑。

正：The way he spoke to us was suspicious.

正：The way (that) he spoke to us was suspicious.

正：The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.

误：The way how he spoke to us was suspicious.