《英语常用词汇辨析手册》精彩片段
almost, nearly
二者的意思都是“几乎”,“差不多”,但用法略有不同。
1)在肯定句中可以互换。如:
It’s almost(nearly)five o’clock. 差不多五点了。
He has almost(nearly)finished his homework. 他差不多做完作业了。
2)两个词都可以修饰all, very, always。如:
Almost(Nearly)all the boys went. 几乎全部男孩都去了。
He almost(nearly)always gets up at six. 他几乎总是六点钟起床。
3)almost不和not单独连用,而nearly可以。如:
I am not nearly ready. 我还没全准备好。(正)
I am not almost ready.(误)
但是,在行为动词的否定式前二者都可用。如:
I almost(nearly)didn’t hear what he said. 我几乎听不见他说的话。
4)almost可以修饰any, no, none, nothing, never而nearly则不可以。如:
I almost never see him.(正)
I nearly never see him.(误)我几乎从未见过他。
alone, lonely, lone
alone可用作形容词或副词,意思是“独自的”,只作表语,不作定语。如:
She is alone. 她独自生活。(表)
She went out alone . 她一个人出去的。(副)
lonely可作表语和定语,作表语时意思是“寂寞的,孤独的”;作定语时意思是“荒凉的”。如:
Though I was alone at home last night,I didn’t feel lonely. 昨晚虽然我一人在家,但我并不感觉寂寞。
This is a lonely house. 这是一所很少有人到的房子。
a lonely mountain village 荒凉的山村
lone可作定语和表语,意思是“孤独的,无伴的”。如:
I never felt so lone. 我从来没有感到如此孤独过。
She could see a lone person on the deserted beach. 她看见在荒凉的海滩上有一个孤独的人。
a lot of, lots of, a lot
三者都有“许多,很多”的意思;a lot of, lots of一般用于肯定句(否定句或疑问句一般用many或much),后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,它们完全可以互换。如:
A lot of(lots of)students went swimming yesterday. 昨天许多学生去游泳了。
Lots of(A lot of)work is to be done this week. 本周将有许多工作要做。
a lot可作名词,相当于a lot of things;它也可作副词,修饰动词或形容词、副词比较级。如:
We have learned a lot from Lei Feng. 我们从雷锋那里学到了很多。
Mary is a lot older than
aloud, loud, loudly
aloud是副词,意思侧重于“出声”,一般不表示“大声”,aloud没有比较级,与动词read, think连用,反义词是silently. 如:
It’s good to read aloud often. 经常朗读很有好处。
Please read the text aloud. 请朗读课文。
当aloud修饰cry, shout时有“大声”的意思。如:
He shouted aloud. 他大声喊。
loud可作形容词或副词(作副词时=loudly),表示“大声的、响亮的”意思,loud有比较级,常与动词talk, speak, shout等连用。如:
She has a loud voice. 她的嗓音很大。
Please speak louder. I can’t hear you. 请大点声,我听不见。
Don’t speak so loud(loudly). 不要这样大声讲话。
It’s bad manners to talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 在公共场所大声谈笑是不礼貌的。