高考英语典型陷阱题分类例析(省略类)

为了简洁起见，有的状语从句(如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句等)有时可省略从句的主语和部分谓语(尤其是当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包括有动词be时)：

While (he was) waiting, he saw Jim pass by. 他在等时见到吉姆路过。

He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. 他张开口好像要说话似的。

Often she would weep when (she was) alone. 她一个人时，常常哭泣。

I’d like to see you whenever (it’s) convenient. 你方便时我想来看看你。

有些由if构成的省略结构，已属固定短语，如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so。如：

There are few, if any, mistakes in that book. 那本书就是有错误也不多。

If necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要，可以打电话到我家找我。

If possible, I wish to come next time. 如果可能，我希望下次能来。

He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now? 他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

请看下面的考题：

1. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _________ to.

A. spoken            B. speaking          C. speak                 D. be spoken

【分析】此题容易误选B，认为until 是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式。其实，此题应选A，until spoken to 为 until he is spoken to 之省略。句意为“他是个沉默寡言的人，别人不同他说话，他很少同别人说话”。

2. If carefully _________, the experiment will be successful.

A. do                  B. does                C. done                 D. doing

【分析】答案选C，为 if it is carefully done 之省略。

3. The research is so designed that once _________ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins             B. having begun    C. beginning        D. begun

【分析】答案选D，为 once it is begun 之省略。

五、虚拟语气省略陷阱

在虚拟条件句中，有时可将引导条件从句的连词if省略，而将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首。如：

Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。

I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。

值得注意的是，若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。另外，有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词。如：

Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。（=If I had time…）

请看一道试题：

It _________ very silly to argue any more against each other about it _________ true.

A. will be; could that be                      B. must be; could that be

C. should be; was that to be                D. would be; should that be

【分析】有些同学会认为主句表示推测，从而将答案误选为 B。其实，只要分析一下句子成分就很简单了。四个选项均为谓语动词，且第2 空所给选项为倒装，这正好与虚拟语气中省略 if 时倒装结构一致。由此可知该题考查与将来相反的虚拟语气的用法。故答案选 D。