高考英语语法命题的若干规律

同学们在对某个知识点或重要句式进行反复操练后，往往会形成一定的思维定势。由于思维定势在很大程度上带有惯性，有时甚至是惰性，所以同学们在做题时若不仔细读题，认真分析，很可能会受此影响，步入误区。如：

1. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. (2008福建卷)

A. that     B. which     C. when      D. where

【分析】C。本题很容易让考生受思维定势的负面影响，见到so马上选择that，殊不知此题考查的是when引导的时间状语从句，句意为：南希去年拜访悉尼的朋友时过得非常开心。如果选A，则句意为：南希玩得如此开心以至于拜访了悉尼的几个朋友。显然，意思不合逻辑。

2. —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?

—Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society. (2008宁夏卷)

A. has joined      B. joins C. had joined      D. joined

【分析】D。许多同学认为since总是要与现在完成时连用的，所以误选了A。其实，本句中since she join the Chinese Society为I have known Dr. Jackson since she joined the Chinese Society之省略。连词since所搭配的时态通常是：主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

3. —They are quiet, aren’t they?

—Yes. They are accustomed ______ at meals. (2008江苏卷)

A. to talk B. to not talk       C. to talking D. to not talking

【分析】D。此题设计得很巧妙。有的同学在排除选项B时，同时也会排除选项D，因为它们的结构太相似了。但事实上，正确答案正是D。be accustomed to的意思是“习惯于做……”，其中的to通常被认为是介词，后接名词或动名词，但在现代英语中，其后也可接动词原形，即其中的to被视为不定式符号。照此分析，好像四个答案都可以，但其实只有D最佳。因为根据语境分析(注意其中的are quiet, yes等关键词)，此题应选一个否定式，故可排除A和C。另外，从语法上分析，非谓语动词的否定式总是将not置于非谓语动词之前，所以C应改为not to talk才对；至于D，由于其中的to是介词，其后接动名词talking作宾语，动名词talking的否定式为not talking，所以说to not talking是正确的。

规律7  直接引用词典原句进行命题

近年来，高考英语命题一直有个习惯，就是喜欢从一些原版英语词典上直接引用例句进行命题。这点希望引起同学们的注意。下面请看几个例子：

1. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy. (2008辽宁卷)

A. a; 不填        B. the; the        C. 不填; the D. a; the

【分析】D。go for a walk为固定表达，意为“去散步”；have got the energy意为“有精力”。此题出自Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary的the词条，词典上的原句为：I’d like to go out this evening, but I don’t think I’ve got the energy.

2. —I’d like some more cheese.

—Sorry, there’s ______ left. (2008浙江卷)

A. some  B. none       C. a little D. few

【分析】B。由于cheese不可数，故可排除D；再根据句中的sorry可知，此处应填表否定意义的none。注：此题出自Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary的none词条，词典上的原句为：“I’d like some more cheese.” “I’m sorry there’s none left.”

3. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2008山东卷)

A. though       B. for      C. but   D. so

【分析】B。for在此表原因。又如：He shook his head, for he thought differently. 他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法。 注：此题出自Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English的for词条，词典上的原句为：He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.