could + have + 过去分词
could + have + 过去分词
1. 表示主观推测
即对过去可能发生的情况作推测,其意思大致相当于“可能已经”。如:
Why does he know this? Could someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗?
We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river. 由于有河水声我们不能听见他们的话。
该用法也可将could换成can,但这只限于否定句和疑问句,因为can表推测时不用于肯定句。如:
Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗?
They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。
2. 表示未曾实现的能力
即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的,但实际上没有那样去做,通常译为“本来可以”“本来能力”等。如:
We could have got in for nothing—nobody was collecting tickets. 我们本可以不买票就进去——根本没人收票。
I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试,但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。
3. 表示未曾实现的可能性
即表示过去本来可能发生而实际上没有发生的情况,通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等:
She could have been seriously injured. 她本来可能伤得很重的。
It’s difficult enough, but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了,本来可能会更糟呢!
有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”,尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。如:
She felt miserable. She could have cried. 她感到很痛苦,她差点哭了。
That was a had place to go skiing—you could have broken your leg. 那不是一个滑雪的好地方,好在你没有把腿给摔断。
Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢? 好在没有砸伤人。
4. 表示未曾实现的想法
即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图,但实际上没有实现,通常译为“本来可以”。如:
I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的,你为什么不向我提出?
I could have given you some hints, but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以给你点提示的,但是我认为你太自负了。
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