could + have + 过去分词
5. 表示未曾实现的选择
即表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事,但实际上没有那样做,通常译为“本来可以”。如:
I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的,你为什么不向我提出?
You needn’t have walked up; you could have taken the lift. 你没必要走着上去,你本来可以乘电梯的。
6. 表示批评或责备
即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的,但实际上却没有做成,含有批评和责备的意味,通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等。如:
You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本来可以帮我一把嘛——为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢?
I am disappointed that you didn’t tell me. You should have told me. 你没告诉我,我感到很失望,你本来应该告诉我的。
7. 用于虚拟语气
在虚拟条件句中,当谈论过去的情况时,其句型通常是:主句用“could / would / should /might +have+过去分词”,从句用过去完成时。如:
If I hadn’t warned you, you could have been killed. 我如不是警告了你,你就可能丧命了。
If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do. 如果他了解事实,他是可能告诉我们怎样做的。
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