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主谓一致详解(附历年高考真题)

2017-05-15来源:和谐英语

 

 

下边详细讲解。

1. 一般地,单数形式表示单数意义,所以谓语用单数;复数形式表示复数意义,所以谓语用复数。如,

●A tree has fallen across the road.一株树倒下横在路上。

●Little streams feed big rivers.小河流入大江。

2.单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致。这些名词有:deer鹿,sheep羊,fish鱼。这些名词作主语时,谓语的数分两种情况:表示单数意义时,其谓语用单数;表示复数意义时,其谓语用复数。如,

This sheep is mine and those sheep are mine,too.

●There are some sheep in the woods.

3. 单数形式的集体名词作主语时的主谓一致。分两种情况:若看作一个整体,谓语用单数。若看作各个成员,谓语用复数。如,

His family is larger than mine.(整体)

The family are watching TV.(成员)

Our football team is playing well.我们球队踢得很好。

Our football team are having baths.我们队员正在洗澡。

4.复数形名词作主语时的主谓一致。这些名词作主语时,谓语的数分两种情况:表示单数意义时(前边有a/this/that修饰),其谓语用单数。表示复数意义时(前边有all/these/those修饰),其谓语用复数。如,

A crossroads is a place where roads cross.

There are several crossroads here.

  Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过了。

  Those means have been tried.那些方法都试过了。

只用作单数或只用作复数的复数形名词。①以-ings结尾的名词作主语时,谓语用复数。如,belongings所有物,savings储蓄,shortcomings缺点,surroundings环境。例句:Our total earnings are about forty dollars.②news(新闻)和gallows(绞架)等名词作主语时,谓语用单数。

5. 由两部分构成的物体作主语时的主谓一致。这些名词有:shoes,trousers,scissors,glasses等。这些名词作主语时,谓语的数分两种情况:若主语前有量词(如pair),谓语的数由量词决定;若主语前没有量词,谓语用复数。如,

The pair of shoes is her sisters.

  The shoes are her sisters.

This pair of trousers is mine.

Tom,here are your new trousers. please put them on.

6. 以-ics结尾的学科名词作主语时的主谓一致。这些名词有:maths数学,physics物理学,politics政治学,economics经济学,等。这些名词作主语时,谓语的数分为两种情况:在表示“学科”时,谓语用单数;在表示具体的实践活动/性能/现象时,谓语用复数。如,

Statistics is a branch of mathematics.统计学是数学的分支。

Statistics show that there are more boy than girls at school.统计数字表明男孩比女孩多。