主谓一致详解（附历年高考真题）

三.并列主语时的主谓一致，采用意义一致原则或就近一致原则

并列主语时，有些情况（如1）采用意义一致原则，有些情况（如2/3/4）采用就近一致原则（谓语的数与位置最近的主语的数保持一致）。

1. “and连接的两个词”作并列主语时，一般采用意义一致原则。

①如果and连接的两词表示两个事物，谓语用复数。

●Jim and I are close friends.吉姆和我是好朋友。

  ●Steam and ice are different forms of water.蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。

②如果and连接的两词构成一个整体，谓语用单数。常见的这种组合有：a knife and fork一副刀叉，a watch and chain一只带表带的手表；fish and chips鱼和薯片，bread and butter黄油面包；trust and honest诚实，law and order法律和秩序，治安。如，

●Fish and chips is one of the most common English dishes.

对比：第①种情况中的of后的名词有冠词，第②种情况中的of后的名词没有冠词。

The writer and the professor have arrived.那个作家和那个教授已经到了。（两个人）

The writer and professor has arrived.既是作家又是教授的那个人到了。（一个人）

③one and a half：主复谓单（常考）。如，

●One and a half apples is left on the table.

④若and连接的两个词被each/every/no修饰，则谓语用单数。如，

●Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

（助记：此时Every boy and every girl=Every boy and girl=Everybody）

2.由and连接的词作并列主语，在here/there引起的倒装句中，采用就近一致原则。如，There is a knife and some apples.

There are some apples and a knife.

●Where are your classmates and teacher?

3.由or等连接的词作并列主语，采用就近一致原则。这些词或短语有：or，either/whether…or，neither…nor，not only…but also，not…but。注意，在陈述句中，主语B与谓语就近一致；在疑问句中，主语A与谓语就近一致。如，

Either you or he has lunch at school.（前四句是陈述句）

Either he or you have lunch at school.

Either you or he doesn’t have lunch at school.

Either he or you don’t have lunch at school.

Do either you or he have lunch at school.（疑问句。注意此句中的谓语首词是do）

4. more than one或many a…作主语，采用就近一致原则。如，

●More than one student (主语) has seen the film.

（但是，More students (主语) than one have seen the film.）

●Many a student fails to pass the examination.许多学生考试不及格。