主谓一致详解（附历年高考真题）

 

 

■语法书对比：“quantity/amount of”作主语时的主谓一致。

1. 有些语法书中，用许多条规则讲解它们的用法。如（少部分条文），

a large quantity of可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词，谓语单/复数要看后面的名词。A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge.很多钱花在建这座桥上。A large quantity of materials were spent on the building.这个大楼耗费了大量的建筑材料。

large quantities of同样可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词，但是谓语的单/复数与quantities保持一致，谓语用复数形式。Large quantities of food have rotten away.大量的食物已经腐烂。Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year.这个城市每年要消费大量的啤酒。

2. 有些语法书中，把它们的各种情况作了如下表的归纳。（这种讲解显然比上边系统化）

主语

谓语

量词

名词复数

不可数名词

复数

单数

a large/small quantity of

√

 

√

 

a large/small quantity of

 

√

 

√

(large) quantities of

√

 

√

 

(large) quantities of

 

√

√

 

the quantity of

√

 

 

√

the quantity of

 

√

 

√

a large/vast amount of

 

√

 

√

large/vast amounts of

 

√

√

 

the amount of

 

√

 

√

试想有几个人能记住这个表的各种情况！举起手，我看看？！

3. 本书把它们的各种情况，一共分为两大类：①a(n) quantity/amount of+名词，按照of右边的名词确定谓语的数。②the quantity/amount of，或，quantities/amounts of，左边由a(n)（泛指/单数）变为the（特指）或-(e)s（复数），意味着“语义重心”转移到of左边，所以，按照of左边的名词确定谓语的数。按照这两条原理，就可以推导出上表中的所有情况。可以看出，理解即可，基本不用记忆。

 

2.有些“a+ n₁+of+n₂”作主语时，语义重心在左（n₁），根据n₁确定谓语的数。如，a pair/line/range/ series/species of；又如，各种量词a cup/piece of等。

●A pair of shoes was under the desk.

●A line of forts was built along the border.

●A series of lectures is to be given by Mr. Smith.

There is a cup of tea on the table.

There are two cups of tea on the table.

3.有些“the+ n₁+of+n₂”作主语时（如，the rest/majority of），根据n₂确定谓语的数。是特例。

The rest of the bread is for breakfast.

The rest of the questions are being discussed.