中美战略与经济对话报告

1. Emission reductions from heavy-duty and other vehicles. The emissions from heavy-duty vehicles significantly degrade urban and regional air quality, while exacerbating global climate change. Light-duty vehicles also contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, fuel use and air pollution. Efforts under this initiative will include:
1、载重汽车和其他汽车的减排。载重汽车排放在加剧全球气候变化的同时，将严重降低城市和地区空气质量。轻型汽车同样对温室气体排放、燃料使用和空气污染有严重影响。本倡议的具体行动将包括：

A. Enhanced heavy-duty vehicle fuel efficiency standards: Each country will work domestically to implement policies and programs to improve fuel efficiency of heavy-duty vehicles. The two countries will also deepen technical exchanges on efficiency standards for light- and heavy-duty vehicles. Relevant agencies include China’s National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
（1）提高载重汽车的燃油效率标准：两国将通过各自的国内政策和项目提高载重汽车的燃油效率。双方将深化有关轻型和载重汽车能效标准的技术交流。相关部门包括中国国家发展和改革委员会（简称“国家发改委”）、中国工业和信息化部、美国交通部（简称“交通部”）和美国环境保护署（简称“环保署”）。

B. Clean fuels and vehicle emissions control technologies: China will expeditiously implement its new low-sulfur standards and work toward adopting emission control technologies and enhancing vehicle emissions standards. The U.S. EPA will continue to implement its heavy-duty low-sulfur fuel and diesel standards and will provide technical support as appropriate for China’s domestic policies. Relevant agencies include China’s NDRC and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and the U.S. EPA.
（2）清洁燃料和车辆排放控制技术：中国将尽快实施新的低硫标准，争取采用排放控制技术及提高车辆排放标准。美国环保署将继续实施其载重汽车低硫燃料和柴油标准，并将为中国国内政策提供适当的技术支持。相关部门包括中国国家发改委、中国环境保护部和美国环保署。

C. Promotion of efficient, clean freight: Each country will work domestically to increase efficiency of road freight transport, with the U.S. EPA providing technical assistance as appropriate for implementation of green freight policies through the China Green Freight Initiative. Relevant agencies include China’s NDRC and Ministry of Transport, the U.S. EPA, and the U.S. DOT.
（3）推广高效、清洁的货运：双方将各自采取国内行动提高道路货运效率，美国环保署将通过中国绿色货运倡议为绿色货运政策的实施提供适当的技术支持。相关部门包括中国国家发改委、中国交通运输部和美国环保署、美国交通部。

2. Smart Grids. Recognizing the fact that the integration of low carbon infrastructure, smart grid technologies, and clean electricity offers a powerful means to reduce carbon emissions in both the U.S. and China, both sides are to promote exchanges and cooperation on smart grid related technology and policy issues through workshops and dialogues. This work will build on collaboration between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and China’s National Energy Administration (NEA) under the U.S.-China Renewable Energy Partnership and collaboration among the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the U.S. Trade and Development Agency, the U.S. DOE, and China’s NEA on the Smart Grid Technical Exchange Program.
2、智能电网。双方认识到对低碳基础设施建设、智能电网技术和清洁发电进行整体性考虑是中美两国减少碳排放的有力途径，将通过研讨会、对话推动就智能电网相关技术和政策促进交流与合作。这项工作将基于中国国家能源局（简称“能源局”）和美国能源部（简称“能源部”）在中美可再生能源合作伙伴关系框架下的合作和由美国联邦电力监管委员会、美国贸易发展署、美国能源部和中国能源局合作开展的智能电网技术交流计划。

3. Carbon capture, utilization and storage. Together, the United States and China account for more than 40 percent of global coal consumption. Emissions from coal combustion in the electric power and industrial sectors can be significantly reduced through carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Building on the significant R&D collaborations between the United States and China, and to encourage the transition from research to commercial-scale demonstration, China and the United States will cooperate to overcome previous barriers to CCUS deployment by implementing several integrated CCUS projects in both countries. These demonstrations will allow for enhanced trade and commerce. Both sides will analyze CO2 “utilization” options, such as enhanced oil and gas recovery, as well as innovative options such as fresh water production, work collaboratively on capture and storage issues, such as demonstrating different capture technology choices and monitoring and measuring of CO2 storage sites, and will regularly convene government, academic, and industry representatives to examine the regulatory framework for promotion of CCUS in the United States and China. The United States and China will undertake a three-tiered effort to identify integrated project sites; develop joint scientific and technical monitoring programs to manage information and lessons learned from the projects; and explore business-to-business joint cooperation for scaling up CCUS deployment. These demonstrations will be complemented by a regular high-level policy dialogue that will take stock of technical progress and exchange experiences and policies for CCUS in the United States and China. Both countries can use the information gained through this cooperation to take up necessary policies for promoting CCUS demonstration at scale across major emitting sectors.
3、碳捕集、利用和封存。中美两国的煤炭消费量之和占全球总量的40%以上。碳捕集、利用和封存（简称“CCUS”）可大幅度减少电力和工业领域的燃煤排放。在双方重大研发合作的基础上，并鼓励由研究转向商业化规模的示范，中国和美国将开展合作，通过在两国实施数个整体性的CCUS项目，克服先前部署CCUS的障碍。这些示范项目将推进商业和贸易。双方将分析二氧化碳的“利用”方式，如提高油气采收，以及如淡水生产这样的创新性利用方式；在捕集和封存问题上合作努力，如不同封存技术选择的示范以及二氧化碳封存场址的监测和测量；将定期召集政府、学术界和产业界代表研究在中美两国推广CCUS的制度框架。中美两国将开展三个层面的工作，确定整体性项目的选址，制订联合科学和技术监测方案来管理项目的信息和经验，并探讨企业间共同合作逐步扩大CCUS应用规模。这些示范项目将结合举行定期的高级别政策对话，总结两国CCUS的技术进展并交流相关经验和政策。两国可将本项合作所获得信息用于制定必要的政策，促进CCUS在不同排放领域进行规模化示范。

4. Collecting and managing greenhouse gas emissions data. Both countries place a high priority on comprehensive, accurate reporting of economy-wide greenhouse gas emissions data to track progress in reducing emissions and to support development and implementation of mitigation policies. The United States and China intend to work cooperatively on capacity building for collection and management of greenhouse gas emissions data, building on extensive experience in this area. Working together and with others, such as the World Bank’s Partnership for Market Readiness, the United States and China can build models that may also benefit other countries. This expanded initiative will encompass two complementary activities: (a) technical and methodological assistance in data reporting and data quality management at the facility and/or enterprise level; and (b) sharing experiences in developing and maintaining an integrated system for management of such data. These activities will build upon existing cooperative work between the U.S. EPA and China’s NDRC and will include support for reporting methodology development, technical training and developing data collection and management design materials.
4、温室气体排放数据的收集和管理。中美两国高度重视全经济范围温室气体排放数据的全面、准确的报告，以便跟踪减排进展，并用以支持制定和实施减缓政策。中美两国将基于在该领域的广泛经验，合作开展温室气体排放数据收集和管理的能力建设。通过双方合作并与其他各方合作，如世界银行市场准备伙伴计划，中美两国可以创建对其他国家同样有所助益的模式。该倡议将扩展至两项补充性活动：（1）对设施和（或）企业一级的数据报告和数据质量管理提供技术性和方法学支持；（2）分享开发和维护数据管理综合系统方面的经验。这些活动将建立在中国国家发改委和美国环保署现有合作基础上，并将包括对报告方法学开发、技术培训以及编写温室气收集和管理设计材料的支持。

5. Energy efficiency in buildings and industry. The United States and China place a high priority on improving energy efficiency across industry and buildings, and recognize that there is significant scope for reducing emissions and costs through comprehensive efforts to improve energy efficiency while fostering economic growth. Indeed, work is already underway in this area under the Energy Efficiency Action Plan of the U.S.-China Ten Year Framework for Cooperation on Energy and the Environment. Both sides commit to intensify their efforts, with an initial enhanced focus on promoting energy efficiency of buildings. We will engage the private sector and other stakeholders in both the United States and China to further enhance existing work to significantly reduce energy use in buildings and industry in each country, including through the implementation of innovative financing methods. This work will include cooperation on: energy efficiency standards and testing for commercial, residential, and manufacturing buildings; identifying the top ten energy efficient technologies and best practices for industry; and further development of energy savings performance contracting in China. This enhanced work plan will be discussed at the next U.S.-China Energy Efficiency Forum, to be held in Washington, D.C. in September 2013.
5、建筑和工业领域的能效。中美两国高度重视提高工业和建筑领域的能效。双方认识到，通过全面努力提高能效不仅能大幅减少排放、降低成本，还能促进经济增长。《中美能源环境十年合作框架》下的能效行动计划确实正在开展这方面的工作。双方承诺加紧努力，先从重点提高建筑能效做起。我们将通过包括实施创新性融资在内的方法，让中美两国私营部门和其他利益相关者一道参与，进一步加强现有工作以实现两国建筑领域能源消耗的大幅降低。这项工作包括多方面的合作：商业、住宅、制造业建筑的能效标准和测试，识别工业领域十大能效技术及最佳实践，以及在中国进一步发展合同能源管理。这项强化行动计划将于2013年9月在华盛顿举行的下次中美能效论坛进行讨论。

Following the S&ED, the United States and China will cooperate through all relevant agencies to develop specific implementation plans for these five initiatives. These plans will clearly elaborate the roles of relevant agencies. The implementation plans will be completed by October 2013. Both sides will look to involve other stakeholders, where appropriate, in the development of these plans and in initiative implementation and will promptly initiate outreach to them.
战略与经济对话会议之后，中美相关部门将为这上述五个倡议制定具体的实施计划，明确各相关部门的职责。实施计划将于2013年10月完成。双方将注重吸收其他利益相关方适当参与实施计划的制定和倡议的实施，并即行开始同他们联系。