2017考研：历年英语翻译真题（11）

1990年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析

Section VI Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following sentences into English (15 points)

1. 你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。

2. 尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成。

3. 一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。

4. 只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。

5. 这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报导。

翻译

Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)

1. You should check all the data carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes.

2. Although the experiment is complicated, they are determined to finish it on time.

3. All signs showed that the man knew nothing of what had happened here.

4. Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.

5. This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.

Section VII English-Chinese Translation

Read the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese. (20 points)

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (1) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture.”

(2) Those who support the “nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (3) That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.

Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Those who support the “nurture”theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. (4) The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories. (5) Supporters of the “nature”theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don’t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (6) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (7) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature”proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (8) Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.

Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.