名人教你讲英文：The Verb “To Have” “百搭”动词

名人教英文：The Verb "To Have" “百搭”动词

The verb "to have" is an unusual verb with special characteristics and different meanings and usage, which many foreign students find confusing.
To put it simply, the verb "to have" comprises basically the following words:

1. Have 2. Has 3. Had 4. Having
These words can have different meanings such as:

1. To show ownership “有”或“拥有”的意思
2. When used with a verb "to be" or in an auxiliary capacity with any other verb, the verb "to have" serves the purpose of showing the "tense" of a verb for the completion of an action such as in a "perfect tense". 补助其他动词来完成其动词之“时态”，例如“完成式”带有已经或完成的意思
3. To show the subjunctive mood 假定式语气
4. To show command or compulsion “一定要”或“必定”的意思

The above broad categories are further explained in details below, seriatim (跟以上次序)
1. Used as a main verb to show ownership or possession.（见附表）
2. Used as part of an auxiliary verb to help other verbs to form a tense. In some cases, the original "ownership" meaning of the verb is retained.

Examples:
1. I have paid my bills already. 我已付清账单。
2. He did have some money before he lost it all in gambling. 没有输光钱以前，他是有些钱的。
3. I shall have completed all my examinations by this time next year. 明年这个时候，我应已完成所有考试了。
4. What fun I am having now! 我现在玩得好开心呢！
3. To show the subjunctive mood.

Examples:
1. If only you had been rich, you could have married her. 假如你过去有钱，你便已娶了她。
2. Alas, I wish I had been rich! 唉！我以前有钱就好了！
4. To show command or compulsion.

Example:
1. We all have to abide by the law. 我们一定要遵守法律。
Passage of the Week
A Gaffe (1)

"Let them eat cake!"
The above quote is attributed to (2) Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France upon hearing that the peasants in France were starving and had no bread.
Whether the above quote is authentic (3) I cannot say. However, if it had been true, the Queen would have been seen as frivolous and oblivious of (4) the real conditions of the poor peasants in France at the time.

Footnote
1. A gaffe 失言
2. Attributed to 出处
3. Authentic 真实的
4. Frivolous and oblivious of 轻浮地忘却了