考研英语核心词汇辨析(黑魔方系列2007版之八)
2008-02-19来源:
deviate, distract, divert这三个词都有"转移"的意思。deviate v.背离,偏离。多指脱离正轨或正题等。He deviated from society by becoming a drug addict.他成为一名吸毒者,从而违背了社会道德准则。distract v.使分心,分散(注意力、心理等)。常带有不能专心的意思。Noise distracts him, so he can't study for exams.喧闹声分散了他的注意力,所以他无法进行考试的复习。divert v.转移,使转向,着重改变后的结果,后常接介词from。A loud noise diverted everyone's attention from their work.一声巨响转移了每个人的工作注意力。dip, immerse, submerge这几个词都有"浸,浸入"的意思。dip v.浸,浸染,蘸。多指短时地将某物部分地浸到液体中,有小心翼翼的意思。The artist dipped his brush in the paint.艺术家拿画笔蘸了蘸颜料。immerse v.沉浸,使沉浸于。指全部浸泡在液体中达一段时间,也可指一种氛围。Students immerse themselves in their studies.同学们在专心致志地学习。submerge v.浸没,淹没。多指全部浸没在水下达一定深度。The girl was submerged in the shallow end of the pool.女孩泡在水池的浅水区一端。divide, separate这两个动词都有"分开"的意思。divide v.分开,划分,指把整体分成若干部分,也表示"疏远"的意思,常用结构为"divide…from"。The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.这家大公司分成了一些较小的公司。separate v.作及物动词时,意思是"分隔",指把原来连接在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,常用结构为"separate…from";作不及物动词时,表示"分散,分别"。duty, obligation, responsibilityduty n.指道义上的责任,强调自觉性,作可数名词时指本职工作的任务。His duty is to see that the business runs well.他的职责是保证生意良好运转。obligation n.指合同或法律上规定的"责任,义务",强调其约束力。Parents have a legal obligation to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.父母有法律上的义务确保其子女受到适合其年龄的有效教育。responsibility n.职责,强调对后果要负责任的意思。His father is ill, and he has the responsibility of caring for him.他的父亲病了,他有责任照顾他。 eject, inject, project这是一组形近易混词。eject v.跳出,喷出,弹射出。The pilot ejected from the falling airplane.飞行员从坠落的飞机中弹射出去。inject v.注射。The nurse injected some medicinesintosthe patient with a needle.护士用注射器给患者打针。project v.伸出,突出;预计,预报;投射,放映。The balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.阳台从房子的墙壁上突出来。The government projects that the defence budget will increase by 20% .政府预计国防预算将增长百分之二十。eligible, illegibleeligible a.享有权利的,具备资格的。He graduated from high school with good grades, so he is eligible to enroll in the state college.他以优异的成绩从中学毕业,所以他有资格就读于州立大学。illegible a.很难看懂的,难以辨认的。The writing is illegible; I cannot read what it says.字迹不清楚,我看不清上面写的是什么。eminent, imminent这是一组形近易混词。eminent a.著名的,卓越的,接触的。He is eminent in the field of linguistics.他在语言学领域很有名。imminent a.即将发生的,迫在眉睫的,临近的。The wedding date is imminent, so we must send invitations.婚礼迫近,所以我们必须发放请柬了。emotion, feeling, passion, sensation, sentiment这一组名词都有"感情"的意思。emotion n.情感,感情,指喜怒哀乐等较激动的情绪,表示某物引起的激动。He felt mixed emotions when he thought of her.当他想起她时便产生一种复杂的感情。feeling n.指一般的情绪、感觉,它一般不反映感情的本质和强度。passion n.激情,热情,欲望,极度的仇恨,指强烈的爱好、愤怒或情欲。He spoke with passion about the love of freedom.他满腔热情地谈论着对自由的热爱。sensation n.指人体感官受到外部刺激时产生的感觉,知觉。When she watched the film, she had the sensation that she was in a moving car.她看电影时,感觉自己正坐在一辆开动的汽车上。sentiment n.思想感情,情绪,感情色彩,指由于某种思想唤起的感情,强调主观作用,有时候也带有理智成分。When our grandmother died, we remembered her life with strong sentiment.当祖母逝世时,我们深深地怀念她的一生。