大学英语自学教程 上册 un04

[00:00.00]Unit 4
[00:01.54]第四单元
[00:03.08]Improving Your Memory
[00:05.05]增强你的记忆力
[00:07.03]Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles
[00:10.75]心理学研究集中在一些怎样帮助记忆的
[00:14.47]that help memory:
[00:16.46]一些基本原则上，
[00:18.44]meaningfulness, organization, association,and visualization.
[00:22.77]如意义、组织、联想和形象化。
[00:27.09] It is useful to know how these principles work.
[00:30.17]知道这些原则怎样起作用是很有用的。
[00:33.25]Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.
[00:36.35]意义影响到各个层次上的记忆。
[00:39.44]Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember.
[00:43.57]对你没有意义的信息是很难记住的。
[00:47.70]There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.
[00:51.03]有几种方法可以使要记的材料更有意义。
[00:54.36]Many people, for instance, learn a rhyme to help them remember.
[00:57.69]比如说，许多人通过学押韵的小诗来记东西。
[01:01.02]Do you know the rhyme
[01:02.85]你知道有一首押韵
[01:04.68]"Thirty days has September, April, June, and November..."?
[01:07.71]说:"九,六,十一还有四,每月天数整三十....."吗?
[01:10.74]It helps many people remember which months of the year have 30 days.
[01:14.37]这首小诗帮助许多人记住了一年中哪 几个月有30天。
[01:18.00]Organization also makes a differenoe in our ability to remember.
[01:21.49]组织也对我们 记忆能力有一定的影响。
[01:24.98]How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order?
[01:28.61]如果某个图书馆里的书都是乱七八糟地摆放着，这人图书馆会有什么用呢？
[01:32.24]Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.
[01:36.12]有组织的材料要比一堆杂乱的信息好记。
[01:40.00]One example of organization is chunking.
[01:42.67]组块就是一个例子。
[01:45.35]Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.
[01:48.93]组块是把那些一点一点的分散的信息分组。
[01:52.51]For example, the number 4671363
[01:56.38]例如，4671363这个数
[02:00.24]is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467,13,63.
[02:05.41]如果能分成467、13和63三块，就更容易记。
[02:10.59]Categorizing is another means of organization.
[02:13.55]分类是另一种组织方法。
[02:16.52]Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of words:
[02:19.74]假设要求你记住下列生词：
[02:22.97]man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat, chair.
[02:29.20]男人、凳子、狗、书桌、女人、马、小孩、猫、椅子。
[02:35.43]Many people will group the words into similar categories
[02:38.97]很多人把这些词分成相近的类别，
[02:42.51] and remember them as follows:
[02:44.64]以下列方式记忆它们：
[02:46.77]man,woman,child;cat,dog,horse;bench,chair,desk.
[02:51.00]男人、女人、小孩；猫、狗、马；凳子、椅子、书桌。
[02:55.23]Needless to say,
[02:57.20]无庸多言，
[02:59.17]the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.
[03:02.15]第二种记表比第一种更好记。
[03:05.13]Association refers to taking the material we want to remember
[03:08.81]联想指的是把我们要记忆的材料
[03:12.50]and relating it to something we remember accurately.
[03:15.38]同我们已经准确记得的东西联系起来。
[03:18.27]In memorizing a number,
[03:20.49]你记某个数字的时候
[03:22.71]you might try to associate it with familiar numbers or events.
[03:26.20]可以设法把它同你熟悉的数字或事件联系起来。
[03:29.68]For example,the height of Mount Fuji in Japan--12,389 feet --
[03:34.56]例如日本富士山的高度是12389英尺，
[03:39.43]might be remembered using the following associations:
[03:42.76]可以用下面的联想法记忆它们：
[03:46.09]12 is the number of months in the year,
[03:49.03]12是一年中的月数，
[03:51.97]and 389 is the number of days in a year (365)
[03:56.94]389是一年中天数（365）
[04:01.92]added to the number of months twice (24).
[04:05.00]加上两倍的月数（24）。
[04:08.08]The last principle is visualization.
[04:11.06]最后一条原则是形象化。
[04:14.04]Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks
[04:18.06]研究表明，如果要求人们把要记忆的东西形象化，
[04:22.09]when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered.
[04:25.51]很多种记忆任务的完成都能有显著的进步。