大学英语自学教程 上册 un04

[04:28.93]In one study,
[04:30.76]在有一项研究中，
[04:32.59]subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery,
[04:36.27]一组实验对象被要求利用想象学习一些生词，
[04:39.95]while the second group used repetition to learn the words.
[04:43.28]另一组则通过多次重复去学习这些生词。
[04:46.62]Those using imagery remembered BO to 90 percent of the words,
[04:50.59]利用想象记忆生词的人记住了80%—90%的生词，
[04:54.56]compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition.
[04:59.09]相比之下，用重复法记忆生词的人只记住了30%—40%。
[05:03.62]Thus forming an integrated image
[05:06.42]由此看出，
[05:09.21]with all the information placed in a single mental picture
[05:12.48]将全部信息放置在单个心理画面中，从而形成一个整体形象，
[05:15.74] can help us to preserve a memory.
[05:18.32]可以帮助我们保存记忆。
[05:20.89]Text B
[05:22.63]第二单元     课文B
[05:24.36]Short-term Memory
[05:26.13]短时记忆
[05:27.89]There are two kinds of memory: shoat-term and long-term.
[05:31.42]记忆有两种：短时记忆和长时记忆。
[05:34.94]Information in long-term memory
[05:36.93]存储于长时记忆中的信息
[05:38.91]can be recalled at a later time when it is needed.
[05:41.29]能够在以后的需要时回忆起来。
[05:43.67]The information may be kept for days or weeks.
[05:46.54]这种信息可以保存几天或几个星期不忘。
[05:49.41]Sometimes information in the long-term memory is hard to remember.
[05:52.95]长时记忆的信息有时难以记住。
[05:56.49]Students taking exams often have this experience.
[05:59.42]参加考试的学生经常有这种体验。
[06:02.34]In contrast,
[06:04.32]与此相反，
[06:06.29]information in shoat-term memory is kept for only a few seconds,
[06:09.41]短时记忆中的信息通常是通过反复重复该信息记住的，
[06:12.53]usually by repeating the information over and over.
[06:15.26]只能保存几秒钟。
[06:17.99]For example, you look up a number in the telephone book,
[06:21.02]比如你在电话簿上查某个电话号码。
[06:24.05]and be{ore you dial, you repeat the number over and over.
[06:27.19]在你拨这个号码之前，你先重复它几遍。
[06:30.32]If someone interrupts you, you will probably forget the number.
[06:33.74]如果有人这时打扰了你，你很可能就把这个号码忘了。
[06:37.17]In laboratory studies,
[06:39.35]实验室中的研究发现，
[06:41.53]subjects are unable to remember three letters after eighteen seconds
[06:44.56]如果不让实验对象自我重复三个字母，那么18秒之后，
[06:47.59]if they are not allowed to repeat the letters to themselves.
[06:50.48]实验对象就记不住就三个字母了。
[06:53.36]Psychologists study memory and learning with both animal and human subjects.
[06:56.94]心理学家用动物和人作为实验对象研究记忆和学习。
[07:00.52]The two experiments here show how short-term memory has been studied.
[07:04.20]这儿的两个实验说明短时记忆是怎样研究的。
[07:07.89]Dr. Hunter studied short-term memory in rats.
[07:10.41]亨特博士研究了老鼠的短时记忆。
[07:12.93]He used a sperial apparatus which had a cage for the rat and three doors.
[07:16.31]他用了一个专门设备，设备里有一个装老鼠的笼子，并有三个门。
[07:19.69]There was a light in each door.
[07:21.87]每个门那里都有一盏灯。
[07:24.06] First the rat was placed in the closed cage.
[07:27.09]先把老鼠放进关闭的笼子里。
[07:30.12]Next, one of the lights was turned on and then off.
[07:33.69]然后打开其中一盏灯，接着再把这 个灯关上。
[07:37.27]There was food for the rat only at this door.
[07:40.00]只有在这个门处才给老鼠放上食物。
[07:42.73]After the light was turned off,
[07:45.06]这个灯关掉之后，
[07:47.38]the rat had to wait a short time before it was released from its cage.
[07:51.01]要让老鼠等一会儿才把它从笼子里放出去。
[07:54.64]Then, if it went to the correct door,
[07:57.58]要让老鼠等一会儿才把它从笼子里放出去。
[08:00.52]it was rewarded with the food that was there.
[08:03.00]如果老鼠走对了门，它就可以得到放在那里的食物作为奖励。
[08:05.49]Hunter did this experiment many times.
[08:08.27]这个实验亨特做了多次。
[08:11.05]He always turned on the lights in a random order.
[08:13.88]他每次开灯并不按顺序，而是随机地。
[08:16.72]The rat had to wait different intervals
[08:18.99]老鼠在被从笼子里放出去之前