大学英语自学教程 上册 un19

[07:52.79]人们不得不走在公共汽车前面为汽车引路。
[07:55.59]In this way, the most serious air pollution disaster in history began.
[07:59.22]就这样开创了历史上最严重的空气污染的灾难。
[08:02.85]When it was over, more than 4,0130 peoplehad been killed by the thick black smog.
[08:07.01]当这场灾难结束时，有4000多人死于浓黑的烟雾。
[08:11.18]New York City has had several London-type smogs since 1950.
[08:15.01]自1950年以来，纽约市发生过几次伦敦式的烟雾。
[08:18.83]Each time, there were from 100 to 400 deaths caused by the smog.
[08:22.87]每次烟雾都造成100至400人死亡。
[08:26.91]Although these smogs were not as deadly as London's,
[08:29.64]虽然这些烟雾不像伦敦烟雾那么可怕，
[08:32.37]New York City has the worst air pollution problem in the United States.
[08:35.75]但纽约市的空气污染问题在美国是最严重的
[08:39.13]In all the killer smogs,
[08:41.35]在各种致人死命的烟雾中，
[08:43.57]factories and homes poured smokeand fumes into the air from the furnaces.
[08:47.26]有工厂和家庭炉灶里排放到空气中的烟尘。
[08:50.94]The chemical fumes combined with the water droplets in the fog
[08:54.03]化学烟尘与雾气中的水珠结合
[08:57.13]to form harmful substances.
[08:59.05]在一起形成有害物质。
[09:00.97]These substances caused the illness of those who breathed the polluted air.
[09:04.60]这些物质便使吸入这种污染空气的人得病。
[09:08.23]Usually,such harmful fumes rise into the upper airand are blown away by the wind.
[09:12.46]这种有害烟尘通常会上升到空气的上层，被风吹散。
[09:16.70]But sometimes there is an unusual weather condition
[09:19.43]但有时有一种特殊的天气状况
[09:22.16]called a temperature inversion.
[09:24.28]称为温度逆增。
[09:26.41]A layer of cold air remains near the ground as smoke and fumes pour into it
[09:30.38]当烟尘排入空气时，冷空气层依然靠近地面，
[09:34.35]This is covered by an upper layer of warm air that acts like a lid.
[09:37.89]而在外层是暖空气，就像一个盖子。
[09:41.43]It prevents the polluted cooler air from rising.
[09:44.22]外层暖空气阻碍污染的冷空气上升。
[09:47.00]The harmful fumes pile up and make people ill.
[09:49.22]这样，有害烟尘便聚集起来，使人得病。
[09:51.44]The smog may be so thick that airprts are closed
[09:55.46]烟雾有可能很浓，使得机场被迫关闭，
[09:59.48]and chains of collisions occur on the highways.
[10:02.00]公路上会发生连续的撞车事故。
[10:04.53]Another type of smog occurs in Los Angeles.
[10:07.31]还有一类烟雾出现在洛杉矶。
[10:10.09]Here the weather may be clear and sunny.
[10:12.06]那里天气晴朗，阳光灿烂。
[10:14.03]But stinging eyes and dry coughs show that harmful chemicals fill the air
[10:17.51]但是人们干咳，眼睛刺痛，说明空气里充满有害化学物质。
[10:20.98]The smog is due to invisible gases, mostly from automobile exhaust.
[10:24.71]这种烟雾是由一些看不见的气体，其中大部分是汽车废气造成的。
[10:28.43]Because these chemicals are changed by the sun high up in the air,
[10:31.55]因为这些化学物质被高空中的阳光照射而发生变化，
[10:34.67]Los Angeles smog is called photochemical smog.
[10:37.95]所以洛杉矶烟雾叫做光化烟雾。
[10:41.23]It contains automobile exhaust fumes
[10:43.66]这种烟雾含有汽车排出的废气
[10:46.09]and nitrogen oxides changed by the sun's rays.
[10:48.57]和被阳光照射后发生变化的氧化氮。
[10:51.05]Added to these are sulfur dioxide
[10:53.18]除此之外，还有从工厂
[10:55.31]and other fumesfrom factories and oil refineries.
[10:57.84]与炼油厂排放出来的二氧化硫和其他烟尘。
[11:00.38]Photochemical smog is found in many large cities all over the world.
[11:03.76]全世界许多大城市都有光化烟雾。
[11:07.14]Killer smogs don't happen very often,fortunately.
[11:10.17]幸亏致人死命的烟雾不常出现。
[11:13.20]But in many large cities,
[11:15.28]但在许多城市，汽车废气、
[11:17.35]a combination of automobile exhaust fumeshome furnace smoke,
[11:20.63]家用炉灶冒出的烟尘以
[11:23.91]and factory waste gases pours into the air.
[11:26.43]及工厂废气都排放到空气中。
[11:28.95]This may also happen in the suburbs,or out in the country,
[11:32.19]这种情况也还可能出现在建有大型工厂的
[11:35.43]where large factories have been built.
[11:37.51]郊区与离城市的农村。
[11:39.59]A number of harmful substances have been found in the air there.
[11:42.51]在这种气体中存在一些有害物质。
[11:45.44]When these substances are breathed in day after day,
[11:47.92]人们日复一日地吸入这些有害物质，
[11:50.40]the health of the population is affected.
[11:52.46]身体健康受到了影响。