大学英语自学教程 下册 un11

[00:00.00]Unit 11 text A
[00:04.41]Sacrificed to Science?
[00:06.30]为科学牺牲?
[00:08.18]Professor Colin Blakmore works at Oxford University Medical School
[00:11.45]  科林.布莱克默教授在牛津大学医学院工作,
[00:14.73]doing research into eye problems
[00:17.25]从事眼睛疾病的研究.
[00:19.77]and believes that animal research has given humans many benefits.
[00:23.01]他相信动物研究已使人类获益非浅:
[00:26.25]The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics
[00:32.91]vaccines and treatments for diabetes,cancer,developmental disorders...
[00:36.74]  动物利用对于麻醉学,疫苗的发展,糖尿病.癌症,发育紊乱的治疗等极其重要.
[00:40.57]most of the major medical advances
[00:45.43]have been based on a back ground of animal research and development.
[00:48.76]多数重要的医学发展者是以对动物研究和开发的背景为基础的.
[00:52.09]There are those who think the tests are simply unnecessary.
[00:54.87]  有些人认为这些实验毫无必要.
[00:57.65]The International Association Against Painful Experiments on Animals
[01:04.42]is an organiza0tion that promotes the use of alternative methods of research
[01:11.68]which do not make animals suffer.
[01:14.06]因反对动物痛苦实验协会是一个提倡使用不使动物痛苦的研究方法的组织.
[01:16.43]Their spokesman Colin Smith says:
[01:18.86]他们的发言人科林.史密斯说:
[01:21.29]Animal research is irrelevant to our health
[01:23.87]  动物的研究与我们的健康无关,
[01:26.44]and it can often produce misleading results.
[01:29.08]它常常产生令人误入歧途的结果.
[01:31.72]People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs
[01:38.27]and in the way their bodies work.
[01:40.30]人和动物对药物的反应,以及身体运转的方式不同.
[01:42.32]We only have to look at some of the medical mistakes to see this is so.
[01:45.76]我们只要看一看一些医学失误就会明白这一点.
[01:49.19]But Professor Blackmore stresses:
[01:51.37]  但布莱克默教授强调:
[01:53.55]It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people
[01:57.28]  在人身上使用没有认真在动物向上实验的药物,
[02:01.00]that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.
[02:03.64]是完全不负责任和不合道德的.
[02:06.28]The famous example of Ihalidomide is a case for more animal testing not less.
[02:10.90]萨立多胺就是一个著名的事例,它证明需要更多的动物实验和不是更少的动物实验.
[02:15.52]The birth defects that the drug produced were a result of inadequate testing,
[02:19.61]这种药物引起的先天性畸形是缺乏实验的结果.
[02:23.70]if thalidomide were invented today,
[02:26.02]如果萨立我胺是现在发明的,
[02:28.35]it would never be released for human use
[02:31.01]它就不会被批准为人类使用,
[02:33.68]because new tests on pregnant animals would reveal the dangers.
[02:36.96]因为在有孕的动物身上的实验会提示其危险.
[02:40.24]Another organization that is developing other methods of research is FRAME.
[02:44.21]  另一个开发其他研究办法的组织是FRAME,
[02:48.18]This is the Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments.
[02:52.30]即替代动物医学实验基金会.
[02:56.43]It recognises that many experiments still have to be done on animals
[03:00.15]他们认识到依然有许多实验不得不在动物身上进行,
[03:03.88]and is aiming for Reduction,Refinement and Replacement of animals in experiments.
[03:08.41]其目标是在实验中减少使用动物,改良使用动物,甚至代替使用动物.
[03:12.94]In 1981, it established a research programme to improve
[03:20.31]and expand non-animal testing.
[03:22.63]1981年,该基金会设立了一个改进和扩大无动物实验的研究项目.
[03:24.96]Increasingly,new technology is making it easier
[03:31.02]for us to find alternative methods of testing.
[03:35.98]Computer models can be used to simulate the way that cells work
[03:42.62]and to try to predict the toxicity of chemicals.
[03:45.74]以前的动物实验数据用来开发一个计算机模型,
[03:48.86]Data from previous animal experiments is used to develop a computer model
[03:56.41]which will predict what will happen if you and a chemical
[04:01.97]with an unknown biological effect to a substance.
[04:04.85]它能预测如果一种物质中加入具有未知生物作用的化学药品会发生什么.