NPR News:普京赴柏林参加四国峰会 商谈乌克兰和叙利亚危机

The leaders of Germany, France, Russia and Ukraine wrapped up a big meeting in Berlin today. They're trying to revive a peace agreement for Eastern Ukraine. The so-called Minsk Peace Accords were signed early last year, but they've done little to stop the fighting. German Chancellor Angela Merkel also had planned to use these talks to take Russian President Vladimir Putin to task over his country's actions in Syria.
NPR's Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson joins us now from Berlin, and Soraya, how did the talks go?
SORAYA SARHADDI NELSON, BYLINE: Well, they went very long — for about six hours. And Chancellor Merkel came out with President Hollande. She said that they didn't have any miracles — this was a phrase she had used earlier in the day, that she wasn't expecting any — but that they actually developed or they did take some concrete steps and developed a roadmap which now will be worked on next month by the foreign ministers.
They got down to details like removal of mines and more humanitarian considerations — for example, getting pedestrians to be able to walk back and forth between the areas that are held by pro-Russian separatists in Ukraine.
And according to the Ukrainian president who wasn't at this press conference, Petro Poroshenko — according to the Ukrainian embassy where he held a press conference, he said that the Russians also agreed to an armed international inspectors mission. So all in all, there was more talk here or more details here than certainly came out of the last meeting a year ago when this quartet met.
今天，德国、法国、俄罗斯以及乌克兰四国的领导人结束了在柏林举行的重要会议。他们召开会议的目标是恢复乌克兰东部地区的和平协议。明斯克和平协议于去年初签署，但是该协议在停止斗争方面几乎没有发挥作用。德国总理安格拉·默克尔还计划利用这些会谈就俄罗斯在叙利亚的行为指责俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京。
NPR新闻的索拉亚·莎哈迪·纳尔逊将从柏林和我们连线，索拉亚，会谈进行得如何？
索拉亚·莎哈迪·纳尔逊连线：会议进行的时间很长，耗时六个小时左右。德国总理默克尔和法国总统奥朗德一起现身。她曾说没有奇迹，这是她在当天早些时候的用词，当时她说没有任何期望，不过实际上他们在会议上达成了具体措施，达成了一个路线图，下个月各国外长将按这一路线图展开工作。
四国领导人就排雷及人道主义考量进行了详谈，以确保行人能在亲俄派分裂分子控制的乌克兰地区自由通行。
乌克兰总统彼得·波罗申科没有出席会后的记者会，记者会举行地——乌克兰大使馆表示，波罗申科说，俄罗斯同意成立武装国际检查员代表团。总的来说，这场会谈的成果肯定多于一年前的四国峰会。

SIEGEL: Soraya, this is the first time that Vladimir Putin has been in Berlin since Russian forces seized Crimea. Why was he invited at this time?
NELSON: Well, actually it's been four years since he's been in Berlin, so it's been even longer than that. And apparently he expressed some interest in holding this meeting in Berlin. Certainly Chancellor Merkel and President Hollande of France saw this as an opportunity to hammer the Russian leader about escalating violence in Syria. And also there's an EU summit starting tomorrow where leaders are going to be discussing relations with Moscow, so this seemed like a good opportunity to at least have some conversation face to face.
But it's really important to note that despite this enthusiasm, you know, to have this meeting, the first visit was actually not a very friendly reunion. President Putin was greeted by protesters. He arrived late. And certainly Chancellor Merkel didn't look super friendly when she shook hands with him briefly and dragged him inside for the meeting.
SIEGEL: Well...
NELSON: Not dragged.
SIEGEL: On the subject of Syria, did Merkel in fact take Putin to task?
NELSON: Yes. She repeated several times during a news conference that she was very hard with him, and in fact the phrase war crimes was raised. At the least, she said, these air bombings that are going on by the Syrians and the Russians are inhumane and that he needs to separate — or not he, but the forces need to separate civilians from fighters. And you can't do that if you're just constantly bombing them from the air.
She mentioned that humanitarian aid would be a first step. Today it was announced by the Russians that they would — did a one-sided— or they will be doing a one-sided cease-fire tomorrow. That was extended from eight hours to 11 hours, and many here are interpreting that as a nod to what Chancellor Merkel was saying.
SIEGEL: Putin was also reported to have said that Russia says that its European partners proposed to speed up work on a new constitution for Syria.
NELSON: Yes. I — if that was discussed. It wasn't — it didn't come out of the press conference. Chancellor Merkel didn't mention anything about that.
SIEGEL: OK. That's NPR's Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson in Berlin. Soraya, thank you.
NELSON: You're welcome, Robert
西格尔：索拉亚，这是自俄罗斯占领克里米亚以来，弗拉基米尔·普京首次前往柏林。他这次为什么受邀？
纳尔逊：距离他上次访问柏林已有四年之久，可能时间还要更久。显然他表示对柏林举行的这次会谈感兴趣。而默克尔总理和法国总统奥朗德认为这是就叙利亚不断升级的暴力事件批评俄罗斯总统的机会。另外，明天将举行欧盟峰会，各国领导人将就欧盟与莫斯科的关系展开讨论，所以这至少是面对面举行会谈的好机会。
但是值得指出的是，虽然召开会议的积极性很高，但是普京四年来对柏林的首次访问却并不是友好的重聚。迎接普京总统的是抗议者。他迟到了。当然默克尔总理在和他短暂握手然后把他拉进会议室时，脸上的表情不是太友好。
西格尔：嗯……
纳尔逊：其实并没有拉。
西格尔：在叙利亚问题上，默克尔有没有指责普京？
纳尔逊：有。她在记者会上多次提到，她对他很不友善，而且还提到了战争罪这个词。默克尔说，叙利亚和俄罗斯实施的空袭是不人道的，普京，或者说军队应该将平民和武装分子分离开来。如果只是不断地进行轰炸，根本没法做到这点。
她认为人道主义救援应该是第一步措施。今天，俄罗斯宣布他们将在明天实施单方停火。停火时间从8个小时延长至11个小时，这里的许多人认为那是对安格拉·默克尔的建议表示赞同的做法。
西格尔：有报道称普京说俄罗斯的欧洲合作伙伴建议加快叙利亚新宪法的修订。
纳尔逊：对。如果这个问题有被讨论的话。但是记者会上并没有提到相关内容。默克尔总理没有提及任何相关信息。
西格尔：好。以上是NPR新闻的索拉亚·莎哈迪·纳尔逊从柏林带来的报道。索拉亚，谢谢你。
纳尔逊：不客气，罗伯特。