经济学人下载:政界中的巾帼英雄

In two countries, special factors explain the rise of political daughters. Park Geun-hye in South Korea and Keiko Fujimori in Peru got early starts in the family business: both had to step into their mother’s shoes and act as first lady while still at school. Ms Park’s mother was assassinated; Ms Fujimori’s parents divorced during her father’s presidency.

有两个国家，可以很好地解释女儿得以提升接替父亲的特殊原因。韩国的朴瑾惠和秘鲁的藤森庆子很早就开始继承家族政治事业：她们两人还在读书时就必须接替她们母亲的职责，担当起第一夫人。原因在于：朴瑾惠的母亲遭暗杀，藤森庆子的父母在其父亲任总统期间离婚。

Some political families seek to extend their authority by passing the presidency from husband to wife—a Latin American tradition extending at least as far back as Isabelita, Juan Peron’s third wife. Cristina Fernandez took over Argentina’s presidency from her late husband Nestor Kirchner. Sandra Torres, now divorced from Guatemala’s president, ??lvaro Colom, wanted to run for his job. He was excluded by term limits—and the electoral authorities decided that, as a close family member, albeit a divorced one, so was she.

一些政客家族通过将总统职位从丈夫传向妻子的方法来寻求扩展他们的权利。拉丁美洲的一个传统至少早在胡安??庇隆的第三任妻子伊莎贝尔时就已经传开。克里斯蒂娜??费尔南德斯??基什内尔从其已故丈夫内斯托尔??基什内尔接过阿根廷的总统职位。为了竞选下一任危地马拉总统，桑德拉??托雷斯??德科洛姆已与总统阿尔瓦罗??科洛姆离婚。他因受到宪法条款限制被拒绝——选举委员会决定，她作为家庭成员，即使离婚后也不能进行竞选。

Perhaps the most powerful trend now boosting the influence of political daughters is the family need to tame—for electoral purposes—the authoritarian character of fathers. Daughters seem to embody their male relatives’ agenda—but with the rough edges planed away. A remarkable number of today’s presidential contenders are daughters of strongmen: Ms Park in South Korea, Ms Le Pen in France, Peru’s Ms Fujimori, Zury Rios Montt in Guatemala, Dariga Nazarbayeva in Kazakhstan. Ms Yingluck is a variation on the theme: on the campaign, she toned down her brother’s populism and made a virtue of being untainted by his corruption. Alessandra Mussolini turns out to have been a trailblazer: the kinder, gentler face of fascism.

也许，现在助推政治家女儿的影响力最有力的趋势是——为了竞选目的——家族需要将父亲独裁者的个性变得更温顺。女儿们似乎将她们家族男性的责任都集于一身——但带来的结果却是磨平了棱角。如今的总统候选人中很大一部分是铁腕人物的女儿：韩国的朴瑾惠、法国的玛琳??勒庞、秘鲁的藤森庆子、危地马拉的Zury Rios Montt、哈萨克斯坦的Dariga Nazarbayeva。英拉是该趋势的一个反例：在竞选中，她很少谈及她哥哥的平民主义，并且与他信的腐败问题也划清界限。亚历山德拉??墨索里尼被证实是一个先驱者：更加善良、更加优雅的法西斯主义。

John Knox, a 16th-century Calvinist, condemned the governments of Queens Elizabeth and Mary (of Scots) as “this monstrous regiment [rule] of women”. The new generation of wives and daughters may perhaps improve upon their male forebears. But this is dynastic politics still—with the back-stabbing, family feuds and lack of accountability that come with it.

17世纪的加尔文教徒约翰??诺克斯曾谴责伊丽莎白女王和玛丽的政府（苏格兰）是“对妇女的荒谬管辖（统治）”。新生代的妻子和女儿们也许在他们男性祖先的基础上有所改进。但这仍然是一个朝代的政治——伴随着背后中伤、家族斗争以及责任感的缺失同时出现。