经济学人下载:美貌与职场 漂亮有罪吗?

Business
商业

Physical attractiveness and careers
美貌与职场

Don't hate me because I'm beautiful
漂亮有罪吗？

Attractive women should not include a photo with a job application
长得漂亮的女性不应该在投递简历时附上照片

AT WORK, as in life, attractive women get a lot of the breaks.
就跟在日常生活中一样，在工作中，漂亮的女性总会得到很多眷顾。

Studies have shown that they are more likely to be promoted than their plain-Jane colleagues.
有研究表明，比起长相平平的同事，这些美女晋升的机会更大。

Because people tend to project positive traits onto them, such as sensitivity and poise, they may also be at an advantage in job interviews.
由于人们倾向于把她们跟一些积极向上的性格特征对号入座，比如说反应敏捷和处变不惊。美女也可能在求职面试中占有优势。

The only downside to hotness is having to fend off ghastly male colleagues; or so many people think.
唯一不利的是，她们得避开那些心术不正的异性骚扰；很多人大概都会有这种想法。

But research by two Israelis suggests otherwise.
然而，两名以色列人的研究却显示了迥然不同的结果。

Bradley Ruffle at Ben-Gurion University and Ze'ev Shtudiner at Ariel University Centre looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their curricula vitae, as is the norm in much of Europe and Asia.
在很多欧洲和亚洲国家，求职者都会在简历中附上照片。来自班古里昂大学（Ben-Gurion University）的Bradley Ruffle和来自Ariel 大学中心的Ze'ev Shtudiner对附上照片后的情况进行了调查。

The pair sent fictional applications to over 2,500 real-life vacancies.
两人针对现实中2500多个空缺职位投出了虚构的简历。

For each job, they sent two very similar résumés, one with a photo, one without. Subjects had previously been graded for their attractiveness.
他们给每个职位都投了两份非常相似的简历，一份有照片，一份没有。他们提前根据相片的美貌程度划分了等级。

For men, the results were as expected.
在男性方面，调查结果在意料之中。

Hunks were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo.
帅气的男士如果在简历上附上照片，通常会得到面试通知。

Ugly men were better off not including one.
所以，长得抱歉的男性投简历时还是不要附上照片为好。

However, for women this was reversed.
然而，女性的情况则恰恰相反。

Attractive females were less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugshot.
在简历中附有照片的美女通常不那么轻易得到面试通知。

When applying directly to a company (rather than through an agency) an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average before getting an interview; an equally qualified plain one just seven.
在直接向公司提交工作申请（即不通过中介）时，美女平均要投出11份简历才能得到一次面试机会；而相貌一般的女性平均只需投出七份即可。

At first, Mr Ruffle considered what he calls the "dumb-blonde hypothesis"-that people assume beautiful women to be stupid.
一开始，Ruffle认为这是因为他称之为"漂亮的女人没大脑"的这一假说，即人们通常会认为长得漂亮的女性会比较笨。

However, the photos had also been rated on how intelligent people thought each subject looked; there was no correlation between perceived intellect and pulchritude.
两人同时也对照片上看起来的聪明程度做了评级，但结果显示看上去聪不聪明和貌美程度并没有联系。。

So the cause of the discrimination must lie elsewhere.
所以，引起这种区别对待必有其它原因。

Human resources departments tend to be staffed mostly by women. Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invite for an interview were female.
在人事部工作的多数是女性，而在这次调查中，负责筛选简历并确定面试名单的确实有93%都是女性。

The researchers' unavoidable-and unpalatable-conclusion is that old-fashioned jealousy led the women to discriminate against pretty candidates.
所以调查者最终不免要得出的一个令人不快的结论——正是亘古不变的妒忌心使得漂亮的求职者受歧视。

So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy?
那么，美女就应该附上一张看起来邋遢的照片在简历上吗？

No. Better, says Mr Ruffle, to discourage the practice of including a photo altogether.
不，Ruffle说，最好是不要附上照片。

Companies might even consider the anonymous model used in the Belgian public sector, where CVs do not even include the candidate's name.
公司甚至会考虑采用比利时公共部门招聘时运用的匿名模式,在这种模式下，连求职者的姓名（更别说照片了）都不予显示。