经济学人下载:本周政治要闻

Politics this week
本周政治要闻

The Republicans won control of America's Senate for the first time in eight years in the mid-term elections. The party rode a wave of discontent to pick up eight seats, which may rise to nine after Louisiana holds a run-off next month. They also won some states by much larger margins than the pollsters had predicted. Mitch McConnell, who will be the Senate's new leader in the new Congress, thumped his Democratic opponent by 15 points. The Republicans also increased their majority in the House of Representatives.
美国共和党赢得今年参议院中期选举，此为其八年来第一次夺得参议院控制权。共和党并不满足于增加八个席位，下个月可能因路易斯安那州赢得选举而增加到九个席位。该党在一些州的支持率也比民意测验者预期的要高。即将成为国会参议院新领导人的明奇·麦康奈尔，比民主党领导人高出15%的选票。另外，共和党增加了众议院多数党的席位。

The day after the elections Barack Obama promised to work with the Republicans in Congress, but said he was also prepared to make more use of his executive powers. Mr McConnell warned the president not to take unilateral action on immigration reform, which would be “like waving a red flag in front of a bull”.
中期选举结束后的第二天，奥巴马承诺将与共和党人合作打理国会。同时，他也决定使用更多的行政权。明奇·麦康奈尔警告奥巴马，不要对移民改革采取单边行动，因为这就像“对牛舞动红色旗子”一样危险。

It was also a bad night for Democrats in races for stategovernor. They had been expected to do well but in the end the Republicans held on to Florida and Wisconsin and picked up Arkansas, as well as Illinois, Maryland and Massachusetts, three heavily Democratic states. The Democrats had to console themselves with taking Pennsylvania from the Republicans and holding on, just, to Colorado.
民主党在州长选举中也不占优势。他们曾预期票数很高，但最后共和党人赢得佛罗里达州、威斯康星州和阿肯色州以及三个倾向民主党的州（伊利诺伊州、马里兰州和马萨诸塞州）的州长选举。民主党人只能借从共和党手中夺回宾夕法尼亚州，守住科罗拉多州聊以慰藉。

Many referendum questions also appeared on the ballot in the elections. Voters in Oregon and Alaska approved the legalisation of marijuana. So did voters in Washington, DC, though Congress can overrule the electorate's wishes in the American capital.
在此次选举中，也出现了许多关于公民投票的问题。俄勒冈州、阿拉斯加州和华盛顿特区的选民赞成大麻合法化，但国会有权否决公民意愿。

Proposals in Colorado and North Dakota to grant legal rights to fetuses, or “personhood”, were defeated. In California a measure passed to reduce the penalties for certain crimes, including possessing drugs. Thousands of people in jail for that offence are now eligible for release.
科罗拉多州和北达科他州关于赋予胎儿合法权益，即“个性”，的提议被否决。加利佛尼亚州对包括非法持有毒品在内的一些罪行进行减刑处理，因此上千名与此相关的犯人现被合法释放。

Canada announced extra security measures for part of its border with the United States, including a new surveillance web, with radar, ground sensors and thermal radiation detectors. The American government has been pressing Canada to monitor cross-border activity since last month's attack by a gunman on the Canadian parliament.
加拿大宣称对加美边界增加了额外的安全措施，包括设有雷达、地面感应和热辐射探测器的新监测网络。自上个月加拿大国会一名持枪男子进行袭击后，美国政府一直催促加拿大监视边境活动。

Mexico's president, Enrique Peaa Nieto, under pressure to curb drug-related violence after the disappearance of 43 students in September, promised there would be new revelations following the arrest in Mexico City of the fugitive mayor of the town where the atrocity occurred. Relatives of the students remain angry.
自九月份墨西哥43名学生失踪后，总统恩里克·培尼亚·涅托一直处于遏制毒品暴行的压力下。他承诺，在事故发生地墨西哥城市长被逮捕之后，将采取新的措施。然而这并不能平息学生亲属的愤怒。

Islamic militants claimed responsibility for a suicide-bomb that killed 55 people atPakistan's Wagah border crossing into India. The bomber targeted a daily flag-lowering ceremony conducted by Pakistani and Indian troops that attracts large crowds. It was the deadliest terror attack in Pakistan this year, though it didn't stop the ceremony from taking place the next day.
先前，巴印交界处的瓦格赫发生自杀式爆炸袭击，共造成55人死亡，伊斯兰激进份子宣称对此负责。事故发生时，巴印双方军队正在举行日常降旗仪式，吸引大批民众参观，激进分子将其定为袭击目标。尽管这是今年巴基斯坦境内发生的最严重的袭击案，但次日降旗仪式照常进行。

Two Christians were beaten to death in Pakistan by a mob numbered in the hundreds for supposedly desecrating the Koran. Their bodies were then burned in a kiln. Assaults on Christians have increased in Pakistan over the past few years. Unusually, police arrested dozens of the alleged perpetrators this time.
两名基督教徒在巴基斯坦境内被一群暴徒殴打致死，据称原因是他们亵渎了可兰经。随后两名基督徒的尸体被放入熔炉焚烧。过去几年里，巴基斯坦境内袭击基督教徒的事件不断增多。不过与以往不同的是，警察这次逮捕了几十名嫌疑人。

Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of Myanmar's opposition democratic movement, decried the slow pace of political reforms in the country, noting that America may have been “overly optimistic” about the process. Although she was allowed to stand for parliament in 2012, Myanmar's military rulers are using constitutional tactics to block her bid to become president.
缅甸反对派民主党领袖昂山素季公开谴责了国家低下的政治改革效率，表明美国可能将对这一过程“过于乐观”。尽管昂山素季2012年是议会议员候选员，缅甸军事统治者使用宪法策略阻止她成为总统。

In Jerusalem a Palestinian driver ploughed a van into a group of pedestrians, killing one policeman and injuring at least 14 others, amid mounting tensions over demands by some Israelis for the right to pray in the area of the al-Aqsa mosque. The driver was subsequently shot by Israeli policemen. Another similar attack injured three. Clashes also took place between Israeli security forces and Arab protesters at the site of the mosque, which is known to Jews as the Temple Mount, leaving some injured.
一个巴勒斯坦司机在耶路撒冷把货车驶进人群中，导致一名民警死亡，至少14人受伤，以色列要求有权在阿克萨清真寺祈祷，紧张局势日渐加剧。该司机随后即被以色列警察枪毙。另外相似的案件导致三人受伤。以色列警卫部队和阿拉伯抗议者在清真寺内（也就是犹太人的圣殿山）也产生了冲突，同样有人受伤。

Al-Qaeda's Syrian affiliate, Jabhat al-Nusra, seized bases belonging to Syria's moderate rebels in Idleb province, their last northern stronghold. The Syrian regime, meanwhile, stepped up air attacks on rebel-held areas. Australia said it would send about 200 members of its special forces to help train Iraqi forces battling Islamic State jihadists. More British troops may also return to Iraq to help train government fighters there.
基地组织叙利亚联盟的努斯拉战线控制了本属于叙利亚温和派叛军（伊德利普省）的基地，这是他们最后一个北部要塞。同时，叙利亚政府对叛军占据地发起空袭。澳大利亚表示将会派遣大约200名特种部队成员帮助训练伊拉克军队参加伊斯兰圣战。英国军队也会重返伊拉克帮助训练政府队伍。

Blaise Compaoré, the president of Burkina Faso, resigned after protests broke out when he attempted to amend the constitution to run for another term in office. His abrupt departure sparked a power struggle in the military, which immediately conducted a coup.
布基纳法索总统步莱兹﹒孔帕奥埃兹在抗议爆发后引咎辞职。爆乱发生时，他正尝试着修正宪法以期为自己赢得下一届任期。他的突然离职引起了军队中权力斗争，随后带来了政变。

The Ukrainian president, Petro Poroshenko, threatened to tear up a ceasefire deal granting special status to areas in eastern Ukraine held by pro-Russian separatists, after the separatists staged elections. America, the European Union and the UN condemned the polls; Russia praised them. Mr Poroshenko ordered reinforcements to the region, where Russia has been arming the separatists.
分裂份子举行选举后，乌克兰总统佩特罗·波罗申科受到亲俄派胁迫，撕毁了授予乌克兰东部特殊身份的停火协议。美国，欧盟和联合国谴责了这项俄罗斯赞赏的民意调查。波罗申科总统请求在俄罗斯支持武装起来的分裂份子地区搬救兵。

Five ministers in Georgia's government resigned after Irakli Garibashvili, the prime minister, sacked his defence secretary in a row over alleged misspending by officials. The ruling Georgian Dream coalition was left without a majority in parliament. The resignations included the foreign minister and the minister for European relations, casting doubt on the country's foreign policy of balancing ties with Europe and Russia.
有官员声称其滥用职权，总理里加巴什维利辞去国防部长之后，又有5名格鲁吉亚政府部长辞职。因此执政的格鲁吉亚梦想联盟没有了多数议会选举。辞职的官员中包括外交部长和欧洲关系部长，导致了国家外交政策在欧洲和俄罗斯之间的失衡。

The prime ministers of Finland and Sweden warned David Cameron, the British prime minister, that they would oppose any moves to limit freedom of movement in the European Union. Mr Cameron has hinted that he will propose some curbs on immigration from other EU countries to satisfy widespread anti-immigration sentiment among backers of the UK Independence Party and his own Conservative Party.
芬兰总理和瑞典首相警告了英国首相大卫·卡梅伦，他们将会在欧盟反对任何限制自由的行动。卡梅伦暗示他将会限制欧洲国家向英国移民的数量，以此讨好广泛的有反移民情感的英国独立党和他所在的保守党赞助商。

Angela Merkel, Germany's chancellor, was reported to have said she would be prepared to wave auf Wiedersehen to Britain and let it leave the EU before she would consider altering the commitment to freedom of movement.
德国总理安吉拉﹒默克尔据报道不接受限制移民的行动，并打算向英国挥手告别，让英国离开欧盟。