经济学人下载:希腊政治 齐普拉斯之旅

Europe Greek politics Tsipras's travels The new government ruffles feathers abroad but gains popularity at home
欧洲 希腊政治 齐普拉斯之旅 希腊新政府享誉国内却在国际上饱受指责

RATINGS for the evening news soared this week as Greeks tuned into a new show: of Alexis Tsipras,their new prime minister,and his colourful finance minister,Yanis Varoufakis,sharing the spotlight as they separately toured European Union capitals. For Greeks worn down by five years of austerity,it was cheering to see their new leaders “standing up to the euro-zone bosses”,as an official from PAME,the communist trade union,put it.
随着希腊新任总理亚丽克西斯·齐普拉斯和个性鲜明的财政部长雅尼斯·瓦鲁法克斯各自展开对欧盟各国的访问，两位新任领导者齐聚聚光灯下，而希腊在本周的晚间新闻中完全颠覆其原有形象。一位共产主义贸易联盟（PAME）的官员表示：在希腊经历了长达五年的艰难时期之后，现在能看着他们的新领导人“重新站在欧元区各位BOSS”面前，这着实让人振奋。

Mr Tsipras's Syriza party has lost no time getting its anti-austerity message across since defeating Antonis Samaras's New Democracy government on January 25th. Syriza fell two seats short of a majority in parliament,so Mr Tsipras signed up the Independent Greeks,a right-wing anti-austerity party,whose leader,Panos Kammenos,became defence minister.
齐普拉斯的左翼政党在1月25日击败萨马拉斯的新民主政府之后，立即开始向大众传播他们的反紧缩政策。因为左翼联盟在议会中以两席之差，未能成为多数党，齐普拉斯选择与右翼反紧缩政党——独立希腊人党，而该党派的领导者帕诺斯·卡门诺斯也顺势成为国防部长。

True to Syriza's promises,Mr Tsipras and Mr Varoufakis challenged their first visitors,Martin Schulz,president of the European Parliament,and Jeroen Dijsselbloem,chairman of the eurogroup of finance ministers,demanding an end to austerity,the dismantling of the “troika” of the European Commission,the European Central Bank and the IMF,and an international conference to restructure Greece's debt of 175% of GDP. In return,the Syriza government would crack down on tax evasion and corruption,which previous administrations ignored,and produce a programme of structural reforms in June.
为了兑现左翼联盟的承诺，齐普拉斯和瓦鲁法克斯分别向他们的第一位拜访目标发——欧盟议会主席马丁·舒尔以及欧元集团主席戴塞尔布卢姆发起了挑战。他们的目标是终止紧缩政策，拆散由欧盟议会;欧洲央行以及国际货币基金组织组成的“三驾马车”，并且寻求国际会议来裁减希腊高达GDP总值175%的债务。作为回报，新政府将着力展开针对逃税以及腐败的治理行动，这两个问题也恰巧是前任政府所忽视的，与此同时新政府还计划在6月的时候进行体制重建。

To the delight of many Greeks,other cabinet members also announced measures to reverse many earlier reforms: pension increases,a 45% rise in the minimum wage,a return to collective bargaining and a freeze on privatisations. Poor households will get food stamps and free electricity. Mr Kammenos said that the armed forces would have their pay restored to pre-crisis levels,plus compensation for four years of pay cuts. Mr Varoufakis has not spelt out the budget cost of all this,though he promises still to run a small primary surplus (ie,before debt interest).
让很多希腊人兴奋的是，其他的内阁成员同时还宣布了很多之前改革的替代政策：养老金的最低额度上调45%；重新展开劳资双方谈判；冻结国企私有化的进程；贫困家庭将会获得食物补助和免费供电。卡门诺斯表示，最终的目标是让工资水平恢复到经济危机前，同时还要给予这四年间因工资降低所造成损失的补偿。瓦鲁法克斯并没有明确说出实现这一切需要的花费，尽管他还同时承诺国家经济会有少量的盈余（在结算欠息之前）。

The reversal of reforms and the tough stance toward Greece's creditors have increased the new government's popularity. Opposition by the new foreign minister to more sanctions against Russia,albeit short-lived,was also welcomed by many who want the government to defend Greek interests,even against NATO and the EU. One opinion poll gave Mr Tsipras a 68% approval rating after his first week,better than any other recent Greek leader.
因为颠覆性的执政策略以及对债权国的强硬态度，新政府在国内大受追捧。即便是新任外交部长反对制裁俄罗斯而得罪欧盟和北约的短期行为，也受到了那些旨在保护希腊利益的人的欢迎。近期的一次民意调查显示，齐普拉斯的新政府在上任的第一周之后，获得了68%的支持率，这一数据超过了近年来所有的领导人。

Yet the exhilaration could evaporate if Mr Tsipras and Mr Varoufakis fall out with the EU. They have watered down their demands: instead of a debt write-off,Mr Varoufakis now proposes a limited repayment via special bond issues. Greece's creditors insist it must stick to the terms of its bail-outs. Greeks are still removing cash from their bank accounts,though the pace of withdrawal has slowed since the election. On February 4th the ECB said it would no longer accept Greek government bonds as collateral. Earlier the same day an issue of six-month bonds was only just covered,because foreign investors failed to buy. The new government has a tough year ahead of it.
然而一旦齐普拉斯和瓦鲁法克斯和欧盟的谈判失败，这一切也可能都是一场空欢喜。事实上他们已经开始降低自己的要求：瓦鲁法克斯现在试图通过特殊的债权来进行有限的偿还，而不再寻求裁减债务。但是希腊的债权国仍坚持要求按期偿还。尽管在大选后速度有所放缓，但是希腊从未停止从它的银行账户中拿钱的步伐。2月4号，欧洲央行宣布不再接受希腊政府债券作为担保物。因为国外的投资者无法购买，同一天的早些时候一个刚刚担保发行的半年期债券不得不胎死腹中。新政府接下来将面对及其艰难的一年。