经济学人下载:牢房中的女性 女性囚犯比男性囚犯表现更差(上)

Britain-Women in prison
英国 牢房中的女性

Breaking worse
让女性走出牢房

Female prisoners are more badly behaved than male ones
女性囚犯比男性囚犯表现更差

Bad behaviour behind bars
牢房之内，女性更坏？

AS A rule, women behave better than men, or are less frequently caught out: they make up just 5% of Britain's prison population. Even these troublemakers are gentler than the opposite sex. In 2014 eight in ten women prisoners were jailed for non-violent offences, compared with seven in ten male prisoners.
女性比男性行为更规矩，或至少从表面上看如此，这似乎是大家都承认的。英国监狱中只有5%的犯人是女性。就算是这些女性犯罪者也比男性显得温和。2014年，每10名女性犯人中有8人是因为非暴力犯罪被捕，但每10名男性犯人则是7人。

Behind bars, however, a different trend emerges. It is women who more frequently run up against prison rules. In 2014 there were 137 punishments doled out per 100 women but only 105 for every 100 men. They are also more violent, committing 52 assaults on staff per 1,000 female prisoners in 2015 whereas the male rate was 45. Why do women behave so badly in prison?
然而，牢房之内，情势却大不相同。和监狱纪律对着干的更多的是女性。2014年，平均每100名女性囚犯受到了137项惩罚，而每100名男性，只有105项。女性在监狱里更加暴力。2015年统计表明，平均每1000名女性会对狱警有52次攻击行为，，男性则是45次。为什么女性在监狱中表现得如此暴力呢？

Diego Gambetta, a sociologist, says women make rougher inmates because they take longer to establish a hierarchy. Fighting, he says, “is an information-seeking device”, and although the toughest men sport large muscles and scars, the toughest women are harder to spot without a scrap. Another theory is that female prisoners are trickier to manage because they are more likely to suffer from mental illness: in 2015 26% of them (and 16% of male inmates) had had a psychiatric admission before going to prison. A third argument is that female jails are less crowded, so unruly prisoners are easier to spot.
社会学家Diego Gambetta说，因为女性囚犯需要更多时间来建立等级关系。Diego Gambetta还说，打架是“一种寻求信息的方式”，你很容易判断出最凶狠的男性，他们通常有着结实的肌肉和伤疤，但最凶狠的女性却没有这些特征，只能通过打架来判断。另一个说法是女性囚犯比男性囚犯更难管理，因为她们更容易患上心理疾病：2015年，26%的女囚犯（和16%的男囚犯）在入狱前就有精神病证明。第三种说法是女性监狱相对没有那么拥挤，所以一旦犯事，更容易被（狱警）发现。