经济学人下载:是5G还是间谍？(1)

In the days of pre-internet capitalism the troubles of one dominant company in an industry tended to be good news for its rivals.
在前互联网资本主义时代，一个行业中的一家主要公司遇到麻烦对其竞争对手而言往往是个好消息。

In today's hyperconnected world a threatened ban by Western governments of Huawei,
在如今这个超联通的世界中，西方政府对华为

the Chinese market leader in telecoms gear, is also a worry for its competitors.
这家中国电信设备市场领先者的禁令也让其竞争对手感到担忧。

Both Ericsson, a Swedish company, and Nokia, a Finnish one, would prefer the geopolitical saga to end,
瑞典爱立信公司和芬兰诺基亚公司都希望这场地理政治事件快点结束，

the better to focus on competing for contracts related to the launch of super-speedy "fifth generation" (5G) mobile-phone networks.
以便能更好的专注于竞争超速5G移动手机网络的合同。

The American government is not letting up its campaign to persuade allies to freeze Huawei out of 5G tenders.
美国政府不停的说服其阵营中的盟友将华为赶出5G投标名单。

It worries that Huawei's kit may contain "back doors"— deliberate security flaws inserted to allow Chinese spooks eavesdrop on, or attack, phone networks.
它担心华为的装备中可能有“后门”—蓄意植入安全漏洞好让中国间谍进行窃听，或袭击，电话网络。

Earlier this month, in a letter to Germany's economics minister, America's envoy to Berlin, Richard Grenell,
本月初，在给德国经济部长的信中，美国驻柏林代表理查德·格雷内尔

threatened to cut back American co-operation with German security agencies
威胁称如果德国允许华为或其他中国公司参加该国的5G网络建设

if the country allowed Huawei or other Chinese firms to participate in the roll-out of 5G.
就要减少美国和德国安全机关的合作。

Mike Pompeo, America's secretary of state, suggested in Hungary recently that doing business with Huawei could tip decisions on where America stations troops.
美国国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥近日在匈牙利表示和华为做生意会影响美国驻军地址的决议。

So far Britain and Germany, among others, have not yielded to American demands.
到目前为止，英国和德国等国仍未屈服于美国的要求。

Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, said on March 19th that she does not believe
德国总理安格拉·默克尔在3月19日表示，她不认为

in excluding a company from the German market "simply because it's from a certain country", though a final decision is pending.
“仅仅是因为它来自于某一个国家”，就要将这家公司排出德国市场，虽然德国还没有做出最终决定。

Even if America prevailed in Europe, as it has in Australia and Japan,
即便美国像说服澳大利亚和日本那样说服了欧洲国家，

Ericsson and Nokia are unlikely to win back much of the market they have lost in recent years.
爱立信公司和诺基亚也不可能重获近几年失去的大部分市场。

Between 2015 and 2018 Huawei's share rose from 24% to 28%; Nokia's dipped from 20% to 17% and Ericsson's from 15% to 13%.
2015年年和2018年间，华为份额从24%涨到28%；诺基亚则从20%下降到17%，爱立信是从15%到13%。

An escalation in the war on Huawei might prompt Beijing to retaliate by kicking Western firms out of China.
对华为战争的升级或许促使中国实施反击，将西方公司踢出中国市场。

That would be a blow to the Nordic duo. China accounted for 10% of Ericsson's 211bn krona ($24.2bn) in global sales last year.
这对北欧的这两家公司而言是一个打击。去年，爱立信全球销售额为2110亿克朗（242亿美元），中国占其中的10%。

The company runs two research and development sites in China.
该公司在中国有两处研究和开发址。

Nokia derives a similar share of revenues from the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
诺基亚从中国大陆、中国香港和中国台湾获得了差不多的收入份额。

Extra sales in Europe in the event of a Huawei ban would not offset losses in China,
在华为禁令实施之际，欧洲的额外销售无法抵消在中国市场的损失，

argues Pierre Ferragu of New Street Research, not least because the Chinese will launch 5G a year or two earlier.
新街研究公司的Pierre Ferragu说到，尤其是因为中国将在他们之前的一两年内推出5G。