经济学人下载:一周要闻 日本德仁天皇即位 IS领导人罕见露面 阿根廷举行全国罢工

The world this week
本周要闻

Politics
政治

Juan Guaidó, who is recognised as interim president of Venezuela by many democracies, appeared outside an air-force base in Caracas and urged the armed forces to overthrow the socialist dictatorship of Nicolás Maduro. Leopoldo López, an opposition figure kept under house arrest by the regime, appeared with Mr Guaidó after being freed by security personnel. America reiterated its support for Mr Guaidó. Backed by Russia and Cuba, Mr Maduro said he had defeated an attempted coup. Amid more protests, Mr Guaidó called for strikes to topple the government.
胡安·瓜伊多(Juan Guaido)被许多民主国家承认为委内瑞拉临时总统，他现身加拉加斯的一个空军基地，呼吁军队推翻尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)的社会主义独裁统治。被当局软禁的反对派人物莱奥波尔多·洛佩兹(Leopoldo Lopez)在被安全人员解救后与瓜伊多一同现身。美国重申了对瓜伊多的支持。得到俄罗斯和古巴支持的马杜罗表示，他挫败了一起未遂政变。在更多的抗议活动中，瓜伊多呼吁民众罢工来推翻政府。

Unions staged a national strike in Argentina to protest against the austerity policies of Mauricio Macri, the president. Mr Macri’s popularity has taken a dive of late, and he is up for re-election in October. Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, a spendthrift populist ex-president, could unseat him, a prospect that scares investors.
阿根廷工会举行全国罢工，抗议毛里西奥·马克里(Mauricio Macri)的紧缩政策。最近，马克里的支持率大幅下降，他将于10月竞选连任。挥霍无度的民粹主义前总统克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔(Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner)可能会将他赶下台，这一前景令投资者感到恐慌。

China sentenced a Canadian citizen to death for drug-trafficking. It is the second time this year a Canadian has received a death sentence in China. Some observers think this is in reprisal for Canada arresting the finance director of Huawei, a Chinese telecoms-equipment company.
中国以贩卖毒品罪判处一名加拿大公民死刑。这是今年第二次加拿大人在中国被判死刑。一些观察家猜想，这是对加拿大逮捕中国电信设备公司华为财务总监的回应。

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of Islamic State, appeared in a video for the first time since proclaiming the creation of a caliphate across parts of Iraq and Syria five years ago. (He has been heard in audio recordings since then.) In the new video Mr Baghdadi notes his group’s defeat at Baghuz, its last stronghold in Syria, but vows to fight on.
“伊斯兰国”(Islamic State)领导人阿布·巴克尔·巴格达迪在一段视频中出境，这是他五年前宣布在伊拉克和叙利亚部分地区建立哈里发国以来首次出现在视频中。(自那时起，他的声音只在录音中出现。)在这段新视频中，巴格达迪提到了其组织在巴格兹的失败，这是该组织在叙利亚的最后一个据点，但他发誓要继续战斗。

The White House said it was working towards designating the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organisation. The decision would bring sanctions on what was once the world’s pre-eminent Islamist movement. Egypt’s president, Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, who toppled a Brotherhood-led government in 2013, reportedly requested the move.
白宫表示，正在努力将穆斯林兄弟会定性为恐怖组织。这一决定将对曾经世界上最杰出的伊斯兰组织实施制裁。据报道，埃及总统阿卜杜勒-法塔赫塞西(Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi)要求采取这一行动。2013年，塞西推翻了由穆斯林兄弟会领导的政府。

The IMF said Iran’s GDP would contract by 6% this year, caused in large part by American sanctions on Iranian oil exports. Annual inflation could reach 37%, the fund warned. The crisis is fuelling popular discontent with the government and ruling clerics.
国际货币基金组织表示，由于美国对伊朗石油出口的制裁，伊朗今年的GDP将下降6%。国际货币基金组织警告称，年通胀率可能达到37%。这场危机加剧了民众对政府和执政的神职人员的不满。

The African Union extended a deadline imposed on coup leaders in Sudan to hand power to a civilian administration. The military junta was initially given 15 days. This has been extended by another 60 days.
非洲联盟延长了苏丹政变领导人将权力移交给文职政府的最后期限。军政府最初被给予15天的时间。但是这一期限又被延长了60天。

China dropped its objection to a proposal in the un to list Masood Azhar, the leader of a Pakistani jihadist group, as a terrorist. This allowed the un to declare sanctions on Mr Azhar, including the freezing of his assets and a travel ban. His group, Jaish-e-Muhammad, claimed responsibility for a suicide-bombing that killed 40 soldiers in Indian-administered Kashmir in February. China had previously opposed such sanctions, apparently in deference to Pakistan, a close ally.
中国不再反对联合国将巴基斯坦圣战组织头目马苏德列为恐怖分子的提议。这使得联合国能够宣布对马苏德的制裁，包括冻结其资产和旅行禁令。他的组织“穆罕默德军”(Jaish-e-Muhammad)宣称对今年2月在印控克什米尔发生的一起自杀式炸弹袭击负责。中国此前反对此类制裁，显然是出于对亲密盟友的尊重。

Akihito, the emperor of Japan, abdicated. He was succeeded by his son, Naruhito. Akihito won acclaim during his 30-year reign for apologising for Japan’s misdeeds in the second world war.
日本明仁天皇退位。其子皇太子德仁继承了他的王位。明仁天皇在30年的统治期间为日本在二战中的错误行为道歉，此举赢得了赞誉。