经济学人下载:一周要闻 沙特油轮遇袭 巴西削减教育经费 阿拉巴马禁女性堕胎

The world this week
本周要闻

Politics
政治

The ruling African National Congress won South Africa’s general election with 58% of the vote. The party had never before received less than 60% at a national poll. Many voters were put off by the corruption that flourished under Jacob Zuma, president from 2009 to 2018. The ANC might have done worse but for Cyril Ramaphosa, who replaced Mr Zuma and vowed to clean up his mess. The Democratic Alliance got 21% of the vote.
执政党非洲国民大会党以58%的选票赢得南非大选。此前，该党在全国民调中从未获得低于60%的支持率。2009年至2018年，在南非总统雅各布·祖马(Jacob Zuma)执政期间，腐败现象猖獗，许多选民对选举有反感情绪。如果不是接替祖玛并发誓要收拾烂摊子的西里尔·拉马福萨，非国大可能会做得更糟。反对党民主联盟获得了21%的选票。

Violence flared in Sudan as the ruling military council and protest groups tried to reach a political-transition deal. At least six people were killed. It has been more than a month since the army toppled Omar al-Bashir amid large demonstrations against his presidency. Generals and civilians have yet to agree on how power will be shared.
当苏丹执政的军事委员会与抗议组织试图达成政治过渡协议时，暴力冲突爆发。至少6人死亡。一个多月前，在反对巴希尔总统的大规模示威中，军队将其赶下台。军方和平民尚未就权力如何分配达成一致。

A militia allied with the Nigerian government freed almost 900 children it had used in the war against the jihadists of Boko Haram, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund. Of the 3,500 or so children in total who were recruited by armed groups to fight Boko Haram, more than 1,700 have now been set free.
根据联合国儿童基金会的数据，与尼日利亚政府结盟的民兵组织释放了近900名儿童，这些儿童被该组织用来对抗“博科圣地”的圣战分子。在被武装组织招募用来对抗”博科圣地“组织的约3500名儿童中，有1700多人现已获释。

At least 28 troops in Niger were killed in an ambush near the border with Mali, a region that is a hotbed of jihadist activity.
尼日尔与马里边境附近发生伏击，造成至少28名士兵丧生，马里已成为”圣战活动“的温床。

Tensions rose in the Middle East, as officials in the Gulf said four oil tankers, including two from Saudi Arabia, had been sabotaged off the coast of the United Arab Emirates. Unnamed American sources were quoted as blaming Iran or its proxies, but they presented no evidence. America pulled all “non-emergency employees” from Iraq amid concerns about alleged threats from Iran.
中东地区紧张局势加剧，海湾地区的官员表示，包括两艘沙特油轮在内的四艘油轮在阿联酋海岸遭到蓄意破坏。援引匿名的美国消息人士的话，他们指责是伊朗或其代理人所为，但没有提供任何证据。由于担心来自伊朗的威胁，美国召回了所有驻伊拉克的“非紧急官员”。

Yemen’s Houthi rebels attacked two oil-pumping stations in Saudi Arabia with armed drones. Saudi Arabia supports the Yemeni government in its war against the Houthis, who are aligned with Iran. The UN held talks in Jordan aimed at consolidating a truce between the parties.
也门胡塞叛军用武装无人机袭击了沙特两处加油站。沙特支持也门政府打击胡塞武装，胡塞武装与伊朗结盟。联合国在约旦举行会谈，旨在巩固各方之间的停火协议。

Policy tactics
政策策略

Alabama’s governor signed a law banning abortion in all cases except when the mother’s life is in danger, the most stringent in a number of “heartbeat” bills that have been approved by Republican states. Pro-lifers hope the bills will eventually make their way to the Supreme Court, where they think they have a chance of overturning Roe v Wade.
阿拉巴马州州长签署了一项法律，禁止在任何情况下堕胎，除非孕妇的生命受到威胁，这是共和党州通过的一系列“心跳法案”中最严格的一项。反堕胎人士希望这些法案最终能提交至最高法院，他们认为他们有机会推翻罗伊诉韦德案。

A federal judge ordered 32 of Florida’s 67 counties to provide election material and ballot papers for Spanish-speakers in time for the presidential primaries next year. Florida has started the process of supplying bilingual forms, but the judge wants that to speed up; he warned officials that complying with the order was “not optional”.
一位联邦法官下令，佛罗里达州67个县中的32个县在明年总统初选前及时向讲西班牙语的选民提供选举材料和选票。佛罗里达州已经开始提供双语表格，但法官希望加快速度；他警告各地官员，遵守命令是“强制性的”。

Lower education
削减教育经费

Hundreds of thousands of students and teachers took to the streets of Brazil’s state capitals to demonstrate against a 30% cut in the federal funding allocated to universities. Brazil’s president, Jair Bolsonaro, who was in Dallas meeting Republican leaders, called the protesters “useful idiots”.
数十万学生和教师走上巴西各州首府街头，抗议联邦政府削减30%的大学拨款。正在达拉斯会见共和党领导人的巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗称抗议者是一帮“有用的白痴”。

Meanwhile, Mr Bolsonaro said he would nominate Sérgio Moro, his justice minister, to Brazil’s supreme court in 2020. Mr Moro faced allegations of bias when he joined Mr Bolsonaro’s government after sentencing Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Mr Bolsonaro’s one-time political rival, for corruption.
同时，博尔索纳罗表示，他将在2020年提名司法部长塞尔吉奥·莫罗(Sergio Moro)为巴西最高法院法官。在博尔索纳罗的政治对手路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦因腐败被定罪后，正面临偏见指控的莫罗加入了博尔索纳罗的政府。