经济学人下载:印度追捕"非法移民"(1)

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来源于《社论》版块

Citizenship in India
在印度的公民

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India’s hunt for “illegal immigrants” is aimed at Muslims, many of them citizens
印度追捕“非法移民”的目标是穆斯林，其中许多是公民

Amit shah, India’s home minister, calls them “termites” and “infiltrators”. The government will hunt them down and throw them into the sea, he thunders. Unfortunately, it is not just the standard bluster from a nativist politician railing against illegal immigration. Last year bureaucrats in the Indian state of Assam, which has a population of about 33m people, produced a list of more than 4m of its residents whom they consider foreigners, without any right to live there. A further 100,000 people were deemed non-citizens in June.
印度内政部长阿米特•沙阿称他们为“白蚁”和“渗透者”。他咆哮着说政府会将其捕捉并扔到海里。不幸的是，这不仅仅是一个本土主义政客对非法移民的标准咆哮。去年，拥有约3300万人口的印度阿萨姆邦的官员列出了一份名单，其中400多万居民被他们视为外国人，没有任何权利居住在那里。6月份又有10万人被认定为非公民。

Mr Shah insists that all these people will be deported. In practice, neighbouring Bangladesh, from which they are said to have migrated, will not accept them, since in most cases there is no evidence that they are anything other than Indians too poor and uneducated to navigate the complex bureaucracy of citizenship. But even if the threatened mass deportations never take place, the process of declaring people aliens, and hauling lots of them off to internment camps, is not only a rank injustice, but also a threat to stability. The supposed illegal immigrants are overwhelmingly Muslim. The purge is therefore exacerbating sectarian tension in a state that saw bloody Hindu-Muslim riots as recently as 2012, when some 400,000 people were displaced. Yet Mr Shah considers the campaign in Assam against illegal immigrants such a success that he wants to replicate it throughout the entire country.
沙阿坚称所有这些人都将被驱逐出境。实际上，邻国孟加拉国不会接受他们，因为在大多数情况下，没有证据表明他们不是印度人，而是太穷、没受过教育，无法驾驭复杂的公民官僚制度。但是，即使受到威胁的大规模驱逐从来没有发生过，宣布人民为外国人，并把许多人拖到拘留营的过程，不仅是一种严重的不公正，而且对稳定也是一种威胁。所谓的非法移民绝大多数是穆斯林。因此，这次清洗加剧了这个邦的宗派紧张局势。就在2012年，这个邦还发生了印度教和穆斯林之间的血腥骚乱，当时约有40万人流离失所。然而，沙阿认为阿萨姆邦打击非法移民的运动是如此成功，以至于他想在整个国家复制这一运动。